AP HUG unit 1

Reference Maps

Informational maps that show boundaries, names of places, geographic features, and directions.

Thematic Maps

Maps that display patterns of places using quantitative data to represent specific topics.

Chloropleth Map

A thematic map that uses colors to represent data.

Dot Density Map

A thematic map that shows data distribution using dots, which can be clustered or dispersed.

Graduated Symbols Map

A thematic map that uses symbols or shapes to represent data.

Isoline Map

A thematic map that uses lines to connect areas of equal value.

Cartogram

A map that distorts the shapes and sizes of geographic regions based on data.

Flow Line Maps

Maps that depict the movement of goods, people, or ideas between locations.

Physical Features

Elements such as elevation, terrain, water bodies, and climate zones presented in maps.

Human Features

Aspects like political boundaries, cities, and infrastructure shown in maps.

Statistical Data

Information such as population density, economic activities, and health statistics represented in maps.

Cultural Information

Data on language distribution, religious affiliations, and historical sites depicted in maps.

Distribution

The arrangement of a phenomenon across space, such as population distribution.

Density

The frequency of occurrence of something in space, like population density.

Concentration

The spread of a feature over space, which can be clustered or dispersed.

Pattern

The geometric arrangement of objects in space, such as grid patterns of streets.

Spatial Association

The degree to which two or more things share similar distributions across space.

Spatial Interaction

The movement and flow involving human activity, such as migration and trade routes.

Qualitative Data

Information presented in word form that is open to interpretation and debate.

Quantitative Data

Information that can be counted and represented in numerical form.

Field Observations

Gathering data by observing and recording in person.

Travel Narratives

Descriptions of places based on travelers’ experiences.

Government Documents

Official records providing data on various topics.

Media Reports

Current information from news sources.

Personal Interviews

Collecting firsthand information through conversations.

Landscape Analysis

Studying physical and human features of an area.

Photo Analysis

Interpreting geographic features and patterns through photographs.

Urban Planning

The use of geographical data to guide decisions on land use and infrastructure.

Environmental Sustainability

The practice of using resources in a way that ensures their availability for the future.

Renewable Resources

Natural resources that can be used multiple times without depleting them.

Non-renewable Resources

Natural resources that can only be used once.

Distance Decay

The effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions, where interactions decrease as distance increases.

Time-Space Compression

The reduction of time it takes for something to travel from one place to another.

Supply Chain

A network of people, organizations, resources, and activities involved in creating and selling products.

Spatial Distribution

The arrangement of objects in an area, including density, concentration, and pattern.

Environmental Possibilism

The idea that the environment limits society, but people can modify the environment to overcome those limits.

Environmental Determinism

The concept that the environment sets possibilities for human society.

Land Use

How land is modified for specific purposes, such as agriculture or residential use.

Scales of Analysis

The observation of data at global, national, regional, and local scales.

Formal Regions

Geographic areas defined by common attributes, such as economic or environmental characteristics.

Functional Regions

Areas organized around a node or center point based on economic activities.

Perceptual Regions

Areas defined by people's beliefs and feelings, lacking a precise definition.