Data science

Quantitative data

numerical data that can be measured. E.g age, height. Represented through numerical data types.

Qualitative data

Descriptive data that can not be measured.Focuses on description and feelings E.g opinions, emotions. Also called categorical since it can sorted by category.

Uses of quantitative data

Comparisons, trends,

Nominal data

Categorical data that is used to label unranked data.E.g. gender

Ordinal data

Categorical, statistical data that has an order. E.g Ranks and tiers

Interval data

Quantitative data that is measured by equal intervals. E.g atar, IQ scores

Ratio data

A numerical measurement scale with ordered,equal intervals and no negative values (absolute zero), and full mathematical operability. E.g height, weight. Any quantitative data that allows for comparisons.

Define data sampling

process of selecting a subset of data from a larger population for analysis

What is manual active collection

involves actively engaging with participants or customers to collect data. E.g surveys, interviews

What is manual passive collection

involves collecting data without actively engaging with participants or customers. E.g observations, and existing data

What are active computerised methods

involves using technology to actively collect data from participants or customer. E.g online surveys and mobile apps

What are passive computerised data collection

involves collecting data automatically through technology, without actively engaging with participants or customers. E.g web analytics, tracking devices

Pros and cons of computerised data collection

Pros:

• Efficiency and Accuracy due to lower likelihood of human error + automated validation

• Cost-effectiveness: Delivers long-term cost savings by reducing the need for manual labor, paper, and physical resources.

Cons:

• High Upfront Costs: Initial investment in software, hardware, infrastructure, and setup can be expensive

• Training & Adaptation Required: Staff need time and training to adapt to new automated systems and tools.