Anesthetic Devices

what is E

temperature probe

what is c

capnograph

what is b

pulse oximeter probe

what is d

doppler probe and cuff

what is a

ECG

ECG stands for

Electrocardiogram

define ECG Tracing

a graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart as it travels through the conduction system and heart muscle

5 main questions to ask when assessing an ECG tracing

1. Are all the P’s and QRS’s the same and do they appear normal?

2. Is there a P wave for every QRS?

3. Is there a QRS following every P?

4. Are the PR intervals normal and the same?

5. Are the RR intervals the same?

VPC stands for

Ventricular Premature Complexes

whats wrong?

Ventricular Premature Complexes

what causes Ventricular Premature Complexes (4)

1. Heart disease

2. Drugs

3. Hypoxia

4. Acid base or electrolyte disorders

define asystole (2)

1. flat line

2. No electrical activity detected

what causes asystole (2)

1. Cardiac arrest

2. leads have come off

whats wrong?

Ventricular Fibrillation

define Ventricular Fibrillation (2)

1. Absence of recognizable complexes

2. Undulating baseline

what causes Ventricular Fibrillation

cardiac arrest

whats wrong?

Ventricular Tachycardia

define Ventricular Tachycardia

Cessation of heart contractions or pulses despite presence of electrical activity on ecg tracing

PEA stands for

Pulseless electrical activity

whats wrong?

Pulseless electrical activity

define Pulseless electrical activity

Cessation of heart contractions or pulses despite presence of electrical activity on ecg tracing

whats wrong

second-degree (partial) block

whats wrong

atrial fibrillation

whats wrong?

ventricular fibrillation

whats wrong

third-degree block

what Twave morphology?

normal

what Twave morphology?

biphasic

what Twave morphology? (2)

Bifid / notched

what Twave morphology? (2)

broad / slow

what Twave morphology?

flat

what Twave morphology?

hyperkalemia

what Twave morphology?

repolarization variant

what Twave morphology?

ischemia

what Twave morphology?

strain

what Twave morphology?

prolonged QT interval

how far does the Esophageal stethoscope go

about the level of the fifth rib.

The Doppler probe contains a crystal that emits — — — and another crystal that — the — —

ultrasound frequency waves, receives the returning echoes

procedure of a Doppler blood flow detector (10)

1. Clip any hair from probe area

2. Apply ultrasound gel to the concave portion of the probe.

3. Select a cuff that has a width 30%–50% of the circumference of the
   extremity used for the reading (wrap intravenous [IV] tubing around the
   limb to measure it). Place the cuff snugly over the limb or tail, proximal to
   where the probe will be placed.

4. Place the probe over the appropriate artery distal to the cuff (coccygeal,
   median palmar, median plantar, or dorsal pedal artery).

5. Turn on the amplier. Adjust the position of the probe until a signal is
   acquired.

6. Attach the manometer and bulb to the cuff tubing.

7. You may tape the probe in place, but do not apply the tape tightly or the
   artery will be occluded and no readings will be possible.

8. Inate the cuff until the sound stops.

9. Slowly release pressure from the cuff until the rst “whooshing” sound
   is heard. This represents the PSYS

10. Take ve readings. Discard the highest and lowest values and average
    the remaining values to determine the PSYS

define Sphygmomanometer

an instrument, much like the pressure manometer on an anesthetic machine, which measures pressure within a cuff.

an spo2 value of 95 - 100% means

normal

an spo2 value of 90 - 94% means

early hypoxemia

an spo2 value of 85 - 89% means

severe hypoxemia

an spo2 value of less than 85% means

medical emergency

define Pulse Oximeter

estimates the saturation of hemoglobin (So2) expressed as a percentage of the total binding sites

pulse oximeters dont work well on — —

pigmented areas

capnograph aka

End-Tidal CO2 Monitor

A capnograph measures …

the amount of CO2 in the air that is breathed in and out by the patient.

end tidal aka

etCO2

define etCO2 (2)

1. Level at the end of exhalation

2. Expired CO2 closely mirrors arterial CO2

inCO2 aka

Inspired CO2

define Inspired CO2 (2)

1. Level during inhalation

2. Should be 0

CO2 level determined by 3 factors

1. Metabolism

2. Perfusion

3. Ventilation

Oxygen analyzers measure the percentage of oxygen in inspired gases by

sampling gas from a spacer that can be placed between the inspiratory tube and the y-piece

what is a

PR interval

what is b

P wave

what is c

QT intrval

what is d

QRS complex

what is e

ST segment

what is f

T wave

what is 2

Q wave

what is 4

R wave

what is 5

S wave