Section 4: Inclusion/Occlusion Compounds

Inclusion/Occlusion Compounds Definition

Formed between interacting molecules where guest molecules are physically entrapped within host molecules through unique molecular architecture.

Channel Lattice Architecture

An inclusion compound structure where the host component crystallizes to form continuous, tube-like channel patterns.

Channel Lattice Compound Examples

Formed by choleic acids, starch-iodine complexes, urea, and thiourea.

Layer / Intercalation Architecture

An inclusion structure where guest molecules diffuse hexagonally between alternating parallel atomic layers of the host component.

Layer / Intercalation Compound Examples

Formed by clay montmorillonite complexes and graphite.

Clathrate Architecture

An inclusion structure where a guest molecule becomes securely caged and immobilized inside a closed, cage-like host structure.

Clathrate Compound Examples

Formed by hydroquinone complexes and Warfarin sodium.

Monomolecular Inclusion Definition

An inclusion structure featuring a single, isolated host molecule acting as the cage for the guest entity.

Monomolecular Inclusion Compound Example

Represented extensively in pharmacy by the cyclodextrin family.

Macromolecular / Molecular Sieves Architecture

High molecular weight structural networks containing fine interstitial spaces used to separate molecules by size.

Macromolecular Sieve Material Examples

Formed by zeolites, dextrins, and silica gels.