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35 Terms
Cellular Metabolism
The set of chemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life, divided into catabolism and anabolism.
Catabolism
The breakdown of molecules to obtain energy, such as glucose during cellular respiration.
Anabolism
The synthesis of compounds needed by cells, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids.
Anatomy
The study of the structure of the body and its parts.
Physiology
The study of the functions and processes of the body.
Homeostasis
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Organism
A living entity made up of one or more cells.
Skeletal System
The framework of bones and cartilage in the body.
Muscular System
The system of muscles that enables movement.
Nervous System
The network of nerves and cells that transmit signals.
Endocrine System
Glands that secrete hormones for regulation.
Cardiovascular System
The heart and blood vessels that circulate blood.
Respiratory System
The organs involved in breathing and gas exchange.
Digestive System
The organs that process food and absorb nutrients.
Urinary System
The organs that filter blood and produce urine.
Reproductive System
The organs involved in producing offspring.
Integumentary System
The skin and its appendages (hair, nails).
Anterior (Ventral)
The front of the body.
Posterior (Dorsal)
The back of the body.
Superior (Cranial)
Above or toward the head.
Inferior (Caudal)
Below or toward the feet.
Medial
Toward the midline of the body.
Lateral
Away from the midline.
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment or origin.
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment or origin.
Superficial
Near the surface.
Deep
Away from the surface.
Cell
The basic unit of life.
Tissue
A group of similar cells performing a specific function.
Organ
A structure composed of different tissues working together.
Organ System
A group of organs that work together for a common purpose.
Metabolism
All chemical reactions in the body.
Anabolism
The building up of molecules.
Catabolism
The breaking down of molecules.
Diffusion
The movement of molecules from high to low concentration.