APUSH Chapter 11

David Walker

Perhaps the first major abolitionist in Boston, he wrote AN APPEAL TO THE COLORED CITIZENS OF THE WORLD to urge black unity to fight slavery and racism.

Harriet Tubman

She was the "leader" of the Underground Railroad

Horace Mann

This former lawyer was the first champion of universal education in the United States.

Transcendentalism/transcendentalists

Argued for a mystical/intuitive way of thinking as a way to discover one's inner self. Their views challenged materialism.

Commune

A community that has withdrawn from conventional society to create an ideal utopia.

Henry David Thoreau

This individualist refused to pay his tax because of his opposition to the Mexican War and was arrested for his CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE. He is one of the most well known transcendentalists.

Walt Whitman

His poetry in LEAVES OF GRASS is a celebration of American democracy. He was also an abolitionist and an advocate of temperance.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

This Bostonian became the foremost philosopher and advocate of transcendentalism, the ability to think on a higher level than that of reason and logic. He was an essayist, poet, and lecturer. His work is crucial to the understanding of Romanticism in the United States. Transcendentalism was a reaction to the rationalism of the Enlightenment. His most famous work was Self-Reliance

Utopia (n)

An ideal place or state of things in which everything is perfect.

Brook Farm

This short-lived utopian community was supported by many well-known New England literary figures.

Shakers

One of the earliest religious communal movements who kept men and women separate and forbade sexual relations.

Oneida

Founded by John H. Noyes, a community who shared property and marriage partners. Dedicated to perfect economic and social equality. Now, all that's left is the silverware.

Polygamy

The practice of marrying multiple partners. Practiced primarily by the Mormons until outlawed.

American Republican Party

A minor nativist political organization that was launched in New York in June 1843, largely as a protest against immigrant voters and officeholders.

Abolitionist/ism

This was a belief that slavery was evil. It gradually became a powerful movement against slavery during the antebellum years of America. Proponents fought to get rid of slavery.

Nat Turner/Turner's Rebellion

Person who instigated the most famous slave revolt in 1831, killing 60 whites, including women and children.

William Lloyd Garrison

This Bostonian was editor of THE LIBERATOR and was for many years the most famous and controversial abolitionist in the United States.

The Liberator

An American abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Isaac Knapp.

American Colonization Society

The organization proposed emancipating the slaves and sending them back to Africa. It didn't work so well, especially since most o the slaves were actually born here and the owners didn't really want to free their slaves.

American Anti slavery Society

Founded by William L. Garrison. He argued for "no Union for slaveholders" until they repented for their sins.

Gag rule

A regulation or directive that prohibits public discussion of a particular matter

Liberty Party

Abolitionist party formed by northerners in 1840; believed that political action was more practical than Garrison's moral crusade.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin"

Declaration of Sentiments

A document modeled after the Declaration of Independence; issued at Seneca Falls declaring that all men AND WOMEN are created equal and listed grievances against forms of gender discrimination.

Seneca Falls

This was the location of the first women's rights convention

Antebellum

"Era" before the Civil War

Separate sphere/aka the Cult of Domesticity

This doctrine became the ideal of urban middle class women beginning in the 1830s. The idea was to appreciate and value women for their separate sphere of influence in the home.

Hudson River School

Influenced by romanticism, these artists depicted landscapes where there was peaceful coexistence between man and nature.

Temperance

Prior to the abolition campaign, this anti-alcohol movement was the most popular of the reform movements. It makes sense, given the 8 gallons of hard liquor consumed per person per year.