THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

What is the Periodic Table?

A table of elements that follows an order.

What information does the Periodic Table include?

Symbol, atomic number, atomic mass, and valence electron.

What is an element?

A pure building block that cannot be broken into smaller chemical pieces.

Who classified the first 33 elements in 1789?

Antoine Lavoisier.

How many groups did Lavoisier's classification have?

Four groups.

What are Lavoisier's four groups?

Gas group; Non-metallic Bodies; Metallic Bodies; Salifiable Substance/Bodies.

What were included in Lavoisier's Gas group? LHOHA (Lupet Hayop Oso Habol Agad)

Light, heat, oxygen, hydrogen, and azote (nitrogen).

What did Lavoisier accidentally include as chemical elements?

Light (lumière) and heat (caloric).

What are the Non-metallic Bodies in Lavoisier's classification? SPCCFB (Super Panget Case Cung Furo Bibig)

Sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and boron.

What are the Metallic Bodies in Lavoisier's classification? AABCCGILMMMNSPTTZ (Aigoo Ang Baho Cung Cuto Gara Ilang Lumot Maraming Marami Nasa Sapa Putek Tae Talaga Zzzz)

Antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, silver, platinum, tin, tungsten, and zinc.

What are Salifiable Substances/Bodies?

Earthy substances that form salt when combined with acid.

What does a substance mean?

A combination of elements.

What are the Salifiable/Earthy Substances listed by Lavoisier? LMAS (Lick Mo Aking Suso)

Lime, magnesia, argill, and silex.

What is Lime?

Calcium oxide.

What is Magnesia?

Magnesium oxide.

What is Argill?

Aluminum oxide.

What is Silex?

Silicon oxide, a combination of silicon and oxygen.

What are cations?

Ions that are positively charged.

What are anions?

Ions that are negatively charged.

What are ions?

Charged atoms or molecules.

What happens when a balanced atom loses electrons?

It becomes a positively charged cation.

What happens when a balanced atom gains electrons?

It becomes a negatively charged anion.

Who developed the Power of Triads?

Johann Döbereiner.

When was the Power of Triads developed?

1829.

What is a triad?

A group of three elements.

What is the Triads Law?

The middle element's atomic mass is approximately the average of the other two.

What is an example of a Döbereiner triad?

Halogen Triad.

What is another example of a Döbereiner triad?

Alkali Metal Triad.

What is another example of a Döbereiner triad?

Alkaline Earth Triad.

How is the atomic mass of sodium estimated in the Alkali Triad?

Add lithium and potassium atomic masses, then divide by two.

Why can't the Power of Triads be used all the time?

Not all elements fit the law of triads.

What happened as more elements were discovered?

Most could not be arranged neatly into groups of three.

What was another limitation of the Triads Law?

It was restricted to groups of three.

Who developed the 3D Telluric Helix?

Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois.

When was the 3D Telluric Helix developed?

1862.

What was Chancourtois' model called?

The 3D Telluric Helix.

What did Chancourtois use as the cylinder's wrapping size?

16 units based on oxygen's atomic weight.

How were elements arranged in the Telluric Helix?

Elements were wrapped around a cylinder according to atomic weight.

How were similar elements positioned in the Telluric Helix?

Similar elements lined up vertically.

Why was Chancourtois' model called telluric?

Telluric refers to Earth or earthly.

Where was Chancourtois' work published?

In a geology journal.

Why wasn't Chancourtois' work noticed by chemists for years?

It was published in a geology journal.

Why wasn't the Telluric Helix widely used?

It was complex, difficult to print, and nearly incomprehensible.

What problem occurred as atomic mass increased in the Telluric Helix?

The natural interval between similar elements changed.

Why was the Telluric Helix difficult to maintain as atomic mass increased?

The width could not properly handle the changing atomic mass intervals.