CNA Week 3- key terms

antibiotic

a drug that kills certain microbes that cause infection

antisepsis

the processes, procedures, and chemical treatments that kill microbes or prevent them from causing infection

asepsis

the absence of disease producing microbes

carrier

a human or animal that Is a reservoir for microbes but does not develop the infection

contamination

the process of becoming unclean

cross-contamination

passing microbes from 1 person to another by contaminated hands, equipment, or supplies

disinfectant

a liquid chemical that can kill many or all pathogens except spores

disinfection

the process of killing pathogens

health care associated infection

an infection that develops in a person cared for in any setting where health care is given

immunity

protection against a certain disease

infection

a disease state resulting from the invasion and growth of microbes in the body

infection control

practices and procedures that prevent the spread of infection

medical asepsis

practices used to reduce the number of microbes and prevent their spread from 1 person or place to another person or place

microorganism

a small living thing seen only with a microscope

non-pathogen

a microbe that does not usually cause an infection

normal flora

microbes that live and grow in a certain area

pathogen

a microbe that is harmful and can cause an infection

spore

a bacterium protected by a hard shell

sterile

the absence of all microbes

sterile field

a work area free of all pathogens and non-pathogens

sterilization

the process of destroying all microbes

vaccination

giving a vaccine to produce immunity against an infectious disease

vaccine

a preparation containing dead or weakened microbes

vector

a carrier that transmits disase

vehicle

any substance that transmits microbes

biohazardous waste

items contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions or excretions

communicable disease

a disease caused by a pathogen that spreads easily; contagious disease

personal protective equipment

the clothing or equipment worn by staff for protection against a hazard

glucometer

a device for measuring blood glucose

glucosuria

sugar in the urine

hematoma

a swelling that contains blood

hematuria

blood in the urine

hemoptysis

bloody sputum

ketone

a substance appearing in urine from the rapid breakdown of fat for energy

melena

a black starry tool

sputum

mucus from the respiratory system when expectorated through the mouth

allergy

a sensitivity to a substance that causes the body to react with signs and symptoms

apnea

the lack of absence of breathing

atelectasis

the collapse of a portion of a lung

biot’s respiration

rapid and deep respiration followed by 10 to 30 seconds of apnea

bradypnea

slow breathing; respiration are fewer than 12 per minute

cheyne-stokes respirations

respirations gradually increase in rate and depth and then become shallow and slow; breathing may stop for 10 to 20 seconds

hyperventilation

breathing is rapid and deeper than normal

hypovnetilation

breathing is slow, shallow, and sometimes irregular

hypoxemia

a reduced amount of oxygen in the blood

hypoxia

cells do not have enough oxygen

kussmaul respirations

very deep and rapid respirations

orthopnea

breathing deeply and comfortably only when sitting

orthopneic position

sitting up and leaning over a table to breathe

oxygen concentration

the amount of hemoglobin containing oxygen

pulse oximetry

measures the oxygen concentration in arterial blood

respiratory arrest

when breathing stops

respiratory depression

slow, weak respirations at a rate of fewer than 12 per minute

tachypnea

rapid breathing; respirations are more than 20 per minute

hemothorax

blood in the pleural space

intubation

inserting an artificial airway

mechanical ventilation

using a machine to move air into and out of the lungs

patent

open and unblocked

pleural effusion

the escape and collection of fluid in the pleural space

pneumothorax

sir in the pleural space

suction

the process of withdrawing or sicking up fluid

tracheostomy

a surgically created opening in the neck into the trachea

congential

to be born with

dysrhytmia

an abnormal heart rhythm

hypertension

high blood pressure

lymphedema

a buildup of lymph in the tissues causing edema

pneumonia

inflammation and infection of lung tissue

sleep apnea

pauses in breathing that occur during sleep

dialysis

the process of removing waste products from the blood

dysuria

difficult or painful urination

oliguria

scant urine

pyuria

pus in the urine

urinary diversion

a surgically created pathway for urine to leave the body

urostomy

a surgically created opening that connects to the urinary tract

admission

offical entry of a person into a health care setting

discharge

official departure of a person from a health care setting

transfer

moving the person to another health care setting; moving the person to a new room within the agency

dorsal recumbent position

the supine position with the legs together

genupectoral position

knee-chest position

knee-chest position

the person kneels and rest the body on the knees and chest; the head is turned to 1 side, the arms are above the head or flexed at the elbow, the back is straight and the body is flexed about 90 degrees at the hips

laryngeal mirror

an instrument used to examine the mouth, teeth, and throat

lithotomy position

the woman lies on her back with the hips at the edge of the exam table, her knes are flexed, her hips are externally rotated, and her feet are in stirrups

nasal speculum

an instrument used to examine the inside of the nose

opthalmoscope

a lighted instrument used to examine internal eyes structures

otoscope

a lighted instrument used to examine the external ear and the eardum

percussion hammer

an instrument used to tap body parts to test reflexes; reflex hammer

tuning fork

an instrument vibrated to test hearing

vaginal speculum

an instrument used to open the vagina to examine it and the cervix

anesthesia

the loss of all sensation, especially pain, produced by a a drug

elective surgery

surgery done by choice to improve life or well-being

embolus

a blood clot that travels through the vascular system until it lodges in a blood vessel

emergency system

surgery done at once to save life or function

general anesthesia

a treatment with certain drugs that produces a deep sleep and the absence of all sensation, especially pain

local anesthesia

the loss of sensation, produced by a drug, in a small area

regional anesthesia

the loss o sensation, produced by a drug in a large area

sedation

a state of quiet, calmness, or sleep produced by a drug

surgical site infection

an infection that occurs after surgery in the body part where the surgery took place

thrombus

a blood clot

urgency surgery

surgery needed for health; it can be delayed for a few days

anorexia

the loss of appetite