1.1-2.2 Physics

Wave

a repeating disturbance that moves through a medium

Medium

the substance that is waving

Transverse wave

when the movement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of the wave

Longitudinal wave

when the movement of the medium is parallel to the direction of the wave

Traveling wave

when the disturbance moves foward in space

Standing wave

when the disturbance oscillates back and forth in place

Node

the point on the standing wave that does not move

Antinode

the point on a standing wave that moves the most

Wavelength

the length of one full cycle peak to peak

Frequency

the number of full cycles per second (how many waves there are in one amount of time)

Wave speed

also known as velocity; how quickly a wave peak moves forward through space

Amplitude

the height of a wave

How do you calculate wave speed (v)?

wavelength x frequency

How do you calculate wavelength (lambda)?

wave speed / frequency

How do you calculate frequency?

wave speed / wavelength or number of cycles / amount of time (in Hz)

Resonant Frequency

the natural frequency every object has at which they vibrate

If there is looser tension then…

the speed and wavelength will both decrease

voltage

the difference in electric potential between two points, how hard the electrons are to being pushed

electric current

the increased electrical pressure which causes electrons to move through the air causing the movement of electrons, the amount of electrons that are flowing

resistance

a measure of the opposition to the flow of electric current through a material or circuit element, measured in ohms, the collision that slows down the flow of electrons, how difficult it is for electrons to flow

what are materials that would have high resistance

wood, rubber, air

as voltage increases, current will also __________

increase

what is the equation of ohms law

voltage = resistance x current

faradays law

when the magnetic through a conducting loop changes, an induced current is produced

magnetic flux

the amount of magnetic field passing through a loop of wire

magnetic flux is maximized when the area of the loop is ___, the magnetic field passing the loop is ___, and the plane of the loop is ___, to the direction of the magnetic field

big, strong, perpendicular

a change in magnetic field creates a ______

magnetic flux/current

moving charges, like electric currents create a

magnetic field

which energy sources directly generate create magnetic flux by spinning a magnetic

hydroelectric and wind

which energy sources heat water to generate steam to spin a magnet?

coal, natural gas, nuclear, geothermal, concentrated solar, biomass

which energy sources do not require any magnets or coils to generate energy?

solar photovoltaic (PV) Energy

electromagnetic induction

the process of generating an electric current and voltage in a conductor by exposing it to a changing magnetic field (coil and magnet), utilizes kinetic energy to spin a turbine which turns a generator with magnets which pushes electrons to generate electricty

which energy source produces toxic air pollutants like mercury, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide

coal

what process is used to extract natural gas from underground rocks

fracking

how does nuclear power gain energy from uranium?

fissioning

what does nuclear power release?

harmless water vapor

what energy sources have high construction cost?

nuclear, concentrated solar

what energy sources have medium construction cost?

coal, biomass, geothermal

what energy sources have low construction cost?

natural gas, wind, solar photovoltaic

what energy sources have high operating costs?

coal, biomass, hydroelectric

what energy sources have medium operating costs?

natural gas, nuclear,

what energy sources have low operating costs?

wind, solar photovoltaic, concentrated solar, geothermal

what does biomass release

chemical potential energy through photosynthesis

biomass is considered carbon neutral because…

trees absorb the greenhouse gases but burning trees also releases greenhouse gases

how does hydroelectric power influence the enviornment

builds dams/reservoirs, alters ecosystems, blocks fish migration

what energy sources are not considered reliable?

wind, hydro, concentrated solar, solar photovoltaic

what are the major parts producing of wind energy?

shaft, turbine, generator

what are solar panels made out of?

semiconductor materials

what does concentrated solar power use to direct light?

mirrors

what is the storage center of concentrated solar power made out of?

salt, able to generate energy at night because it stores energy

where does geothermal energy get its heat from?

earths core

where do geothermal energy plants have to be built?

hot tectonic boundary zones or active volcanic regions

what can geothermal energy trigger?

earthquakes