AH exam 2

access to healthcare-vaccines, tests, etc

personal choice-health behavior, are you knowledgable to know

social economic factors: schools like where you grew up,

physical enviro: are sidewalks safe, is it dark, gang violence, do you trust your neighbors, etc

access to healthcare is important, but it’s only one part of the picture

four major contributors of the social determinants of health

certain groups are more at risk for disease but have less ability to get treatment and ar more likely to die from preventable situations regarding health

80 yr olds suffer more bc bones get weaker so we expect them to suffer less

cause day a lack of access to various resources and rooted in fearless

health disparity

racial inequity: unfair or unequal distribution along racial lines

equality: giving the same asssitance tool, doesn’t work bc some ppl need more support

equity approach: strives to give everyone a chance to live their best life and focuses on those that have ill health

why health equity matters what is it

everyone benefits/is living their most helpful, higher quality of life

improved public health's, reduced costs(bc reducing chronic diseases, etc) , and great social stability

the US ranks blank among industrialized
nations in health equity and spends blank

last, double

health disparities

health equity

Health disparities : differences among populations in health status,
behavior, and outcomes due to multiple influences.

Health equity the state in which everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health( everyone has diff needs, needs to be unique for each person)

health equality

determinants of health

equal access for everyone

: Factors that significantly influence the health of individuals and communities

social determinants of health

: the conditions in the environments where
people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide
range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.

we see a lot of things that result in health disparities here

root causes of health inequity

systemic and structural barriers

social determinants of health

racial and ethnic disparities

are intertwined

systemic and structural barriers

Prior authorization delays, high out-of-pocket costs,
and insurance denials disproportionately affect
marginalized groups.
• Structural Racism.-history of United States
• Unequal Access.

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH):

Income, education, housing, and geography
significantly impact health outcomes

all impacts if someone can get care and be healthy

Racial and Ethnic Disparities:

Structural Racism.
• Black and Latino populations face higher rates of
disease, lower access to care, and worse outcomes compared to white and asian pops in the United States
Racial and Ethnic Disparities:

socioeconomic disparities

Low-income individuals are more likely to
suffer from chronic diseases.(cancer, heart disease, diabetes)

Those without insurance or stable
employment face delays in care, poorer
outcomes, and higher mortality-no health insurance, can’t pay for health insurance, don’t seek care bc they’re delaying that care

Black Americans have higher rates of hypertension,
diabetes, and infant mortality. (disparities are impacting genetic markers in black women and how they fight infections)

Latino populations often face barriers to care, leading to
lower cancer screening rates.

Native American communities face high rates of suicide,
substance misuse/abuse, and limited access to care.

geographic disparities

in United States rural areas have the greatest health disparities, fewer health providers, like apalachae(worst health outcomes too)

underserved areas may experience healthcare deserts-ex not appropriate care that you need

Language barriers reduce access to quality care and
increase medical errors-being able to describe what kind of care you’re seeking can be hard)
LGBTQ+ populations face stigma, discrimination,
and often lack culturally competent care.

culturally competent care-working with a certain population, having cultural competence like a first immigration family

social determinants of health

5 domains

education and accès and quality ( can be impacted on where we live)

ppl in rural areas spend 60 percent more time trying to get to a healthcare space) and are more likely to go into labor earlier, increasing chances of learning disabilities

economic stability, -lower paying jobs work multiple jobs, lack of free time is one of the reasons why ppl don’t get checked for things like cancer

social and community context,-lack of grocery stores meaning relying more on fast food. Diet is one of the main factors int things like diabetes

healthcare access and quality,-if having discrimination, often delay follow up appointments, delaying treatment can lead to worse outcomes

neighborhood and built environment

World Health Organization goals

1. Improve daily living conditions
   2. Tackle the inequitable distribution of power,
   money and resources
   3. Measure and understand the problem and
   assess the impact of action

this=globblly

we have such high health disparities and inequities, this is critical

second video notes

increasing school funding raised the odds that ppl would graduate, increasing health equity

education and access quality: high school enrollment, graduation rates, enrollment in higher education, language and literacy, early literacy (how you measure it

access to care

access to a hospital, a screening, a hospital

health literacy rates (high blood pressure vs hypertension)

neighborhood and built enviro

access to healthy foods

what is the housing

public housing vs private housing

safety of housing

crime rates

economic stability:poverty outcomes ,employment status, food security

Social

social cohesion, civic participation, voting, helping ppl at events, ppl getting involved int unning for office

what is discrimination like in that community , incarceration rates

1930’s healthcare vetted to

middle class were in green

POC were in red, =redlining

POC were denied housing in certain places

segregation laws made it hard to move out

were kept in poverty, lack of support for infrastructure, impact on their health

Latinx more likely to develop type 2 diabetes

racism effects our physical and mental health

black americans=higher rates of chronic stress due to discrimination, acceleration aging and lower mortality, PTSD

average life expectancy were 5 and a half times lower than other races

emergency and waiting room adds a safety net

downstream: ppl falling into river and you’er pulling them out

upstream: why are the ppl falling into the river

upstream:

Prevention
• Housing
• Education
• Transportation

vaccines, physical, diet and health

air quality really bad etc:

downstream:

Emergency care
• Hospitalization
• Disease
treatmen

biomedical approach

focusing on biological factors and treating diseases through
medical interventions

smth is wrong and you want to get fixed

biopsychosocial model

approach to understanding mental and physical
health through a multi-systems lens, understanding the influence of
biology, psychology, and social environment

thinking abt the person as a whole biology, psychology, and social

what is public health

3 core functions

Assessment: tracking prevalence, severity, and causes
of health conditions using evidence-based, scientific
methodology (assessment)
o Policy: providing solutions to public health problems
(policy development)
o Assurance: enforcing public health policy (assurance).

assessment: tracking a disease , how many people get it

policy: such as vaccine development , laws in place in order to come to Uconn

assurance

d enforcing it like submitting your medical records

the waiting

the tools used to manage, store, or gain incite

my chart, automatic test messages, etc

makes t possible for healthcare workers to give care

goes straight into healthcare providers portal so they can monitor it in real time

a lot of things place to ensure that HIT is okay,

capabilities to improve US healthcare system

HIT is things like

electronic health record

publicly available data-tracking disease in real time

personally health records

digital health technologies-tele health

EHR-digital version of patient chart

PHR: managed by patients themselves

HIE-sharing data between organizations

CDS-

administrative systems-talk to individual or scheduling app-all apart of health India technology-how scheduling’s being done

clinical systems-managemnt of electronic health records, system in place like e-perscribing, lab systems when you’re getting things done, things that get flagged,

data exchange,

consumer applications logging into my chart or mobile apps such as period app tracking, nike running app

data privacy, important concern, not all hospital systems have electronic health records

due to health disparities in low areas and low population areas, you have extreme divides

things like telemedicine, being able to use AI to diagnose patients, creating a greater divide. systems

the universal interoperatiblity-beinga able to share that medical information technologically

ex if you’re going to Hartford healthcare and then have to go to Yale, able to share that medical information

semantic interoperability-meaning that the information is going to look the same

HIPPAA breaking ti results in hefty fines

remote patient monitoring

Remote patient monitoring offers health
care providers the ability to monitor
patients away from traditional settings
through low-cost devices that collect a
vast amount of data.

afib for example

if you’re sick, your caregiver Cana also be notified

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
Services’ Hospital-at-Home program
provides acute medical care at a
patient’s home using digital health
technologies.
It lowered the average cost by 38%.
Patients in their home were more active.
Using this program, there were fewer readmissions