Chapter 2 S.S : Day 7 and 8

DAY 7 — What happened in the 1968 federal election?

Pierre Trudeau and the Liberal Party won.

What did the Official Languages Act of 1969 establish?

English and French became Canada's official languages.

What did the Official Languages Act require for labels?

Labels across Canada had to be in both official languages.

What multiculturalism policy was established in 1971?

A policy ensuring all would be treated equally.

Which two official languages did Trudeau's government recognize?

English and French.

Which group was unhappy with the Official Languages Act?

Many Anglophone citizens across Canada.

What does FLQ stand for?

Front de libération du Québec.

What was the FLQ?

A terrorist organization that condoned violence to achieve Quebec independence.

What was the FLQ's goal?

Quebec's independence from the rest of Canada.

Where did the FLQ set bombs?

Government buildings, trash cans, and mailboxes.

Who did the FLQ kidnap during the October Crisis?

James Cross, British Trade Commissioner, and Pierre Laporte, Quebec labour minister.

What law did the government invoke during the October Crisis?

The War Measures Act.

What happened to James Cross and Pierre Laporte?

The FLQ killed Laporte but released Cross.

DAY 8 — Who led the Parti Québécois when it won in 1976?

René Lévesque.

What was Bill 101 also called?

The Charter of the French Language.

What language did Bill 101 require on store signs and billboards?

French only.

Which areas were required to use only French under Bill 101?

Business, government, and courts.

What school rule did Bill 101 impose on immigrants to Quebec?

They had to send their children to French-language schools.

What reaction did Bill 101 cause among Anglophones?

Increased anger and resentment in Quebec and the rest of Canada.

What is sovereignty?

Supreme, independent political control of a country, with its borders and territories recognized by other nations.

What document did the Parti Québécois outline in 1979?

Quebec–Canada: A New Deal.

What did sovereignty-association propose?

Separating from Canada while maintaining strong economic ties.

How did most Anglophones react to sovereignty-association?

They were appalled.

What is a referendum?

A vote allowing people to decide an issue.

What happened in Quebec's 1980 referendum?

60% voted against the sovereignty-association proposal; Lévesque was upset.

What did Pierre Trudeau entrench in Canada's Constitution in 1982?

The Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Why were Indigenous peoples unhappy with the 1982 constitutional process?

They had not been consulted.