Exam II Fall 25 Exam Q's

Which prostaglandin promotes vasodilation and the breakdown ornon-formation of blood clots by platelets?

PGI2

Post-injury or trauma, when macrophages signal fibroblasts to deposit collagen and other fibrous tissue elements of an extracellular matrix-esque deposition, the resulting tissue-repaired section is commonly referred to as a .

scar

Sources of histamine is/are.

I and III (Mast cells and Hypothalamus)

The channel or canal that connects two Haversian/Central canals for two different osteans is called a(n) __________.

Volkman's Canal

General signs of inflammation are:

None of the above

Osteogenesis imperfecta is genetically a(n) __________ disorder associated with a defect in one's __________.

autosomal dominant; collagen

You are the attending physician in an emergency room. A 43 year-old patient presents with a bone fracture of the femur . The fracture is perfectly perpendicular to the medullary cavity, has resulted in the non-presence of bone fragments and has penetrated the skin. After conferring with the radiologist, you both concur that the diagnosis of this fracture is (select all that apply).

None of the above

The area of the epiphyseal/growth plate of a bone that has the most hyperplasia is the Zone of __________.

Proliferation

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome is an issue or trauma associated with the __________.

None of the above

An issue or trauma with the glenohumeral joint is more than likely which injury?

Dislocated shoulder

Prolonged or severe throwing motions repeated over time may need a replacement of the _____ which is commonly called "Tommy John Surgery"? According to orthopedid surgeons, which tendons are commonly used to repair this ulnarcollateral ligament?

A, B, C, D, or E

The regions of the epidermis that are alive at all times under normal physiological conditions are the __________ because these alive layers of the epidermis are within __________ cell-lengths of a capillary bed (at least).

Strata Spinosum and Basale; 6–8

Three weeks ago, your fearful class leader was engaged in his morning ritual of going to the Rec Center and inexplicably "running" in the lap pool. On this particular day, I felt a "pop" and a bit of discomfort came shortly thereafter! How did this "pop" manifest itsely anatomically?

A linear contusion in the popliteal region

If a pharamacological drug/chemical is an antipyretic, that compound is intended to __________.

lower fever

Hormones that promote osteclast activity is/are:

A, B, C, D, or E

A condition that often affects post-menopausal women whereby there are tiny holes in the bones is called __________.

osteoporosis

The muscles that are part of the rotator cuff in the shoulder are:

I, II, IV and V (Supraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres minor, and Infraspinatus)

Salicylic acid or aspirin, inhibits COX I & II by acetylating (SER 530). Position 1 of the parenthetical reference ("SER") denotes a(n) __________ and position 2 of the parenthetical reference ("530") denotes the (a(n)) __________.

None of the above

A deep layer of of dense connective tissue (fascia) that is typically oval or circular in its morphology that can often times stabilize tendons or even muscles in place is a(n) __________.

retinaculum

In terms of bone remodeling, estrogen will:

A, B, C, D, or E

Obligate anaerbes will often time use CO2 and SO42- (two minus) as their terminal electron acceptors reducing methane CO2 to _____ and SO42- to _____

I and IV (CH4 (methane) and Hydrogen sulfide (H2S))

Turf Toe is an issue or trauma associated with the __________.

Dislocation of the hallux

Which prostaglandin promotes pain and is associated with the sleep/wake cycle

PGD2

Arachidonic acic is released by the enzyme __________ as it resides in the cell membrane typically associated with the phospholipd phosphatidylcholine.

Phospholipase A2

If I were to tell you that drug/compound/chemical "X" was a vasodilator and a bronchoconstrictor , chances are that drug /chemical "X" is .

histamine

When my wife changed eyeliner types and had an immediate reaction to the new eyeliner that involved her puffy, itching and red swollen eyes, my best man Dr. Charles Gregory suggested a(n) such as Tagamet (which is actually for heartburn!) Note -- The "H" stands for Histamine

H2 receptor antagonist

Inflammation 101 basically states that inflammation will try to get to the "issue" or what we referred to as "it" in class. Once the cells associated with our defense and repair get to the issue, the inflammatory response will try to remove it, clean it and then repair the issue. The "it" or the issue can typically be

I, II and III (Irritant, Pathogen, and Damaged tissue)

The enzymes associated with oxygen radical metabolism using H2O2 as an intermediate when an organism is an obligate aerobe is/are.

I, III, and IV (Glutathione Peroxidase, Catalase, and Superoxide Dismutase)

For those of us with "nuisance allergies" (NOT life threatening), in the spring, we will often times take __________ in the moring because it does not make us drowsy and then __________ at night to help us sleep. Both of these drugs are (they block) __________ inhibitors/antagonists.

Zyrtec; Benadryl; H1

The radiocarpal joint allows for __________ of the wrist joint..

I, II, III and IV (Flexion, Extension, Adduction, and Abduction)

Ibuprofen (trade name Advil) is a competitive inhibitor of __________.

I and II (COX 1 and COX 2)

The layer of bone that is "outside" of the bone and typically wraps itself completely around the bone is called the __________.

periosteum

Look at the picture below. The area designated by the arrow is referred to as __________.

Interstitial lamellae

Examination of the eyes (the entire eye or parts of the eye; retina, sclera, pupil, etc.) as a quick, medical diagnostic tool that we have discussed in 319 this semester are: NOTE - Blunt force trauma to the tissues around the eye are NOT being considered for this question.

I, II, III and V (Pupillary reflex via light, Osteogenesis imperfecta (eyes can turn blue), The sclera of the eye turning yellow-green which happened to my dad.., and A healthcare professional may pull the lower eyelid down and loof for "bloodshot eyes")

Greek and Latin word-root(s) that do not imply or mean "under or below" is/are:

IV, V and VI ("-itis", "Cervi-", and "Epi-")

Sources of collagen are:

I (Fibroblasts)

You are the attending physician in an emergency room. A 34 year-old patient presents with a bone fracture of the humerus. The fracture is perfectly perpendicular to the medullary cavity, has resulted in the presence of bone fragments and has not penetrated the skin and the two parts of the humerus are not off-set. After conferring with the radiologist, you both concur that the diagnosis of this fracture is (select all that apply). "off-set" = The two parts of a bone would NOT be flush against each other should one visualize trying to put the two pieces of the bone "back together".

I and IV (Transverse and Comminuted)

GSH is the symbol for glutathione. GSH is the most-abundant tripeptide in higher vertebrates of which humans of course are just that. - higher vertebrates that is. The amino acid that is associated with scenging free-radicals is __________ *** The three amino acids DO NOT have to be in the correct order ***

cysteine

Vomiting and diarrhea are defenses. However, should one have prolonged or extensive vomiting and diarrhea, this may unfortunately lead to __________ and __________ if untreated.

dehydration; electrolyte imbalance

If one has a sample of his or her blood drawn and subsequently spun, the major components of blood will settle out based on their density and amount. Thos major compoenets of spun blood are __________.

I, II and III (Red blood cells, White blood cells and platelets, and Plasma)

HPV, as we have discussed in class, can potentially be associated with __________.

II and III (Skin tags and Warts)

If a molecule is not a waste molecule and must be removed, that molecule would be considered a __________ and if that molecule were also in the blood, that molecule would be considered __________ . Choose the two Roman numerals that would apply in thes scenario?

A, B, C, D, or E

During the hydrolysis of ATP and it's connection to the Gibbs Free Energy formula, The hydrolysis of ATP would be a _____ Delta H and a _____ Delta S.

• ; +

If one uses the recptors in one's tendons and fluid from the semi-circular canals in the ear to ascertain elements of position, direction and speed, one would be receiving information regarding __________.

proprioception

In general, with regards to antibiotics & antimycotics, the women and men of science will want to "attack" something that the pathogen _____ that the host _____.

has; does not have

Name the major types of channels.

I, II and III ("Leak", Ligand-gated receptor/channels, and Voltage-gated)

II and VIn the early 1960's, reserachers at the University of florida created a special drink to help their athletes replenish enery and elctrolytes during a game called "Gatorade" which is associated with letting sodium and glucose enter a cell at the same time. Please choose all terms that apply to the specifics of this particular integral protein.

II and IV (Secondary active transport and Symport)

Which histamine receptor is associated with chemotaxis?

HR4

Antiperspirants are associated with limiting the activity of the _____ while deodorants are associated with limiting the activity of _____.

A, B, C, D, or E

Moles of the skin should be monitored using an acronym that reads as "A, B, C, D and E". Please choose all the Roman numerals that apply given the aforementioned acronym.

II and III (Borders and Color)

BONUS Question for 2.5 bonus points: Who or what is famously associated with the expression: "We'll see……"

The Zen Ma