Chemical Reactions in Everyday Life

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts, types of chemical reactions, key evidence of reactions, and everyday examples from the lecture notes.

Chemical Reaction

A process in which one or more substances are transformed into new substances with different chemical properties.

Reactants

The substances present before a chemical reaction occurs.

Products

The substances produced during a chemical reaction.

Physical Change

A change that alters the appearance, form, size, shape, or state of a substance without normally producing a new substance.

Chemical Change

A change that produces one or more new substances with different properties.

Precipitate

An insoluble solid that forms during a chemical reaction in a solution.

Synthesis Reaction

A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a more complex product, following the pattern $A + B \rightarrow AB$ (Memory word: BUILD).

Decomposition Reaction

A chemical reaction in which one compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances, following the pattern $AB \rightarrow A + B$ (Memory word: BREAK).

Single Replacement Reaction

A chemical reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound, following the pattern $A + BC \rightarrow AC + B$ (Memory word: REPLACE).

Double Replacement Reaction

A chemical reaction in which two compounds exchange ions or partners to form two new compounds, following the pattern $AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$ (Memory word: SWAP).

Combustion Reaction

A chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts rapidly with oxygen after receiving activation energy, releasing energy as heat and light, following the pattern $\text{Fuel} + O_2 \rightarrow \text{Products} + \text{Energy}$ (Memory word: BURN).

Neutralization Reaction

A chemical reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to form a salt and water, following the pattern $\text{Acid} + \text{Base} \rightarrow \text{Salt} + H_2O$ (Memory word: NEUTRALIZE).

Acid-Metal Reaction

A single replacement reaction where a reactive metal replaces hydrogen in an acid, following the pattern $\text{Metal} + \text{Acid} \rightarrow \text{Salt} + H_2$.

Acid-Carbonate Reaction

A reaction where an acid reacts with a carbonate to produce a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas, following the pattern $\text{Acid} + \text{Carbonate} \rightarrow \text{Salt} + H_2O + CO_2$.

The Fire Triangle

The three components required for fire to start and keep burning: fuel, oxygen, and heat.

Complete Combustion

Combustion that occurs when sufficient oxygen is available, producing carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), water ($H_2O$), and releasing energy.

Incomplete Combustion

Combustion that occurs when oxygen is limited, producing carbon monoxide ($CO$), soot ($C$), water ($H_2O$), and less energy.

Carbon Monoxide

A colorless, odorless, and toxic gas ($CO$) produced by incomplete combustion that binds to hemoglobin in blood, reducing oxygen delivery.