AH Topic 4( Part I): America Comes of Age

Progressivism

movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms

Muckraker

a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society

Lincoln Steffens

Early muckraker who exposed the political corruption in many American cities

Jacob Riis

a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890.

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago.

Social Gospel

Christian faith practiced as a call not just to personal conversion but to social reform.

Settlement House

A house where immigrants came to live upon entering the U.S. Instruction was given in English and how to get a job, centers were usually run by educated middle class women. The houses became centers for reform in the women's and labor movements.

Jane Addams

the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

direct primary

A primary where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office

Initiative

process for citizens to propose/enact laws

Referendum

a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate

recall

procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators

Florence Kelley

reformer who worked to prohibit child labor and to improve conditions for female workers

National Consumers League (NCL)

group organized in 1899 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage

Temperance Movement

An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption

Suffrage

the right to vote

Ida B. Wells

African-American journalist who led the fight against lynching

Susan B. Anthony

Key leader of woman suffrage movement

Carrie Chapman Catt

president of NAWSA, who led the campaign for woman suffrage during Wilson's administration

National American Woman Suffrage Association

a group formed by leading suffragist in the late 1800s to organize the women's suffrage movement. Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Alice Paul and Lucy Burns

They created the New Women's Party

Worked to get women the right to vote

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

Americanization

Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens

Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois

•Booker T. Washington opened Tuskegee Institute to help blacks get a job. He was labeled an acommodationist because he wanted blacks to get a job first and worry about equality later.

•W.E.B. DuBois started the NAACP and wanted blacks to quickly achieve full equality.

Niagara Movement

A group of black and white reformers who organized the NAACP in 1909

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

political organization that aimed to help African Americans be free from discrimination

Urban League

Network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities

Mutualistas

organized groups of Mexican Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community

American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924

Granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States.

Thedore Roosevelt

26th president of the United States, he focused his efforts on on trust busting, environmental conservation, and strong foreign policy.. square deal

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all

Hepburn Act

This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods.

Meat Inspection Act

1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines and called for truth in labeling

John Muir

United States naturalist (born in England) who advocated the creation of national parks (1838-1914)

Gifford Pinchot

head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them

National Reclamation Act

gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice

Progressive Party

Also known as the "Bull Moose Party", this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912. After Taft won the Republican Party's nomination, Roosevelt ran on the Progressive party ticket.

Woodrow Wilson

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.

16th Amendment

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

Federal Reserve Act

law that created the modern banking system

Clayton Antitrust Act

law that weakened monopolies and upheld the rights of unions and farm organizations