BIOL 150A Class 5: Patterns of Inheritance Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Class 5 on Patterns of Inheritance, including genetic terms, Mendelian genetics, alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes.

Character

An attribute of an organism, such as flower colour.

Trait

A specific value of a character, such as purple flowers.

Phenotype

The physically observable properties of an organism.

Genotype

The genetic make-up of an organism, representing its genetic instructions.

Dominant Allele

The allele that is expressed and determines the phenotype when present in the same organism as a recessive allele.

Recessive Allele

The allele that is not expressed when present in the same organism as a dominant allele.

Homozygote

An individual that carries two identical alleles of a certain gene.

Heterozygote

An individual that carries two different alleles of a certain gene.

Genetic Locus

The location of a particular gene on a chromosome.

Monohybrid Cross

A sexual cross between two true-breeding varieties that differ with respect to the traits of one character.

Punnett Square

A diagrammatic grid used to predict and organize cross-breeding genotypes and determine genetic outcomes.

Evolution

The change in the genetic structure of populations over time.

P Generation

The parental generation consisting of true-breeding individuals in a genetic cross experiment.

F1 Generation

The first filial generation, consisting of hybrid offspring derived from a cross of the true-breeding P generation.

F2 Generation

The second filial generation, produced by self-fertilization or cross-fertilization among F1 generation hybrids.

Marrus orthocana

An Arctic cnidarian highlighted as an example of organismal phenotype and form.

Monohybrid Cross Phenotypic Ratio

The characteristic $3:1$ ratio of dominant to recessive traits observed in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross.

Monohybrid Cross Genotypic Ratio

The characteristic $1:2:1$ ratio ($1\,PP : 2\,Pp : 1\,pp$) observed in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross.