unit 5 Ap World

What intellectual movement emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority during the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment.

Who advocated for natural rights such as life, liberty, and property, and the idea of government by consent?

John Locke.

What is the social contract theory associated with which Enlightenment thinker?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Which revolutionary document was influenced by John Locke during the American Revolution?

Declaration of Independence.

Who led the successful slave revolt in Haiti during the Haitian Revolution?

Toussaint Louverture.

Which two leaders unified Italy during the nationalist movements in the 19th century?

Cavour and Garibaldi.

What key event demonstrated anticolonial nationalism in India, fueled by nationalist sentiment?

Sepoy Rebellion (1857).

What major economic transformation was characterized by agricultural innovations, access to coal and iron, capital, labor, and entrepreneurship?

Industrial Revolution.

What invention by James Watt significantly contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

Steam engine.

What was the economic theory proposed by Adam Smith that promotes private ownership and free markets?

Capitalism.

What movement aimed at ending the Atlantic Slave Trade began in Britain in 1807?

Abolitionism.

Which early feminist thinker is known for her work 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman'?

Mary Wollstonecraft.

What conference led to the partitioning of Africa without African input?

Berlin Conference (1884–85).

What was the rapid modernization and industrialization movement in Japan to avoid colonization?

Meiji Restoration.

Which Enlightenment thinker is associated with the idea of religious tolerance and free speech?

Voltaire.

What term describes the cultural pride and shared identity that fueled national unification movements in the 19th century?

Nationalism.