Chapter 4: Federalists and Republicans

What were the earliest political parties?

Federalists & Democratic-Republicans

How were the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans different from each other?

*Federalists*:

~Alexander Hamilton & John Adams

~Northeast

~Economy- manufacturing/ shipping

~Loose constructionists

~Rich people lead government

*Democratic-Republicans*:

~Thomas Jefferson & James Madison

~Southwest

~Economy- agriculture

~Strict constructionists

~Regular citizens in government

How many terms did George Washington serve?

2 terms

Who was in Washington's cabinet?

Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson, Treasurer: Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War: Henry Knox, Attorney General: Edmund Randolph

(Not in Cabinet- John Jay: 1st Chief Justice)

Who did the US owe after the Revolution? How was it repaid?

~France

~Spain

~Dutch

~Citizens of the colonies

REPAID: FULL FACE VALUE

Whose financial plan did they approve?

Hamilton's plan

What deals were mad to get Hamilton's financial plan passed?

Capital is moved to the South: Washington D.C.

Why did Hamilton think the US needed a bank?

To manage debt, deposit tariff and tax money, and to distribute currency

Who argued against the national bank and why?

WHO?: Thomas Jefferson & James Madison

WHY?: The Constitution didn't give the power to create one

What did the elastic clause have to do with it?

Implied power (Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18)

What is the difference between implied and enumerated power?

Implied: not written

Enumerated: is written

Who were the Barbary Pirates? What were they doing?

~From the North African kingdoms

~Kidnapped sailors and stole cargo

(Morocco, Algers, Tunis, Tripoli/Libia)

TJ sent Navy (Steven Decatur) over to fight

What were the causes leading to the War of 1812?

1. Impressment

2. Leopard/ Chesapeake

3. BR giving weapons/alcohol to natives

4. Acts- disasters

5. Moving west

6. France and Britain in a war against each other

7. Warhawks

What were the significant battles of the War of 1812?

*Invading Canada* (US Army sucks)

-burnt York/Toronto (capital)

-failed 3 times (wouldn't cross border)

*Naval action on the Great Lakes*

-Put-in-bay battle on Lake Erie (US VICTORY)

-We have abilities in our Navy

*Washington DC attacked in retaliation*

-BR burned White House & Capitol

-tornado helped put fires out

*Battle of New Orleans (occurred 2 weeks after the war was over)

-trying to defend the port

-Andrew Jackson becomes a war hero (shaped the country)

How did the US gain the Louisiana Territory?

TJ wanted New Orleans for $10M and was offered the whole Louisiana territory for $15M (4 cents an acre)

What conflict surrounded TJ's deal?

Constitution doesn't say we can add land/territory

*HYPOCRIT*

How did the Louisiana territory change the US

The US doubled in size

What was the purpose of the Lewis & Clark expedition?

~map territory

~forge relationship with natives

~leave people to go out and live in new territories

~find undiscovered plants and animals

~try to reach the Pacific

What events led to Marbury v. Madison?

John Adams tried to appoint lifetime judges who were Federalists before he left office

What did this give the Supreme Court?

John Marshall gives the power of *judicial review*: the ability to decide if a law is unconstitutional

Who were the "Warhawks" and what did they want?

WHO?: Speaker Henry Clay (Kentucky) & Senator John C Calhoun (South Carolina)

WHAT?: strong, aggressive, pro-war, loud & vocal, states' rights, pro slavery, want a name for themselves

Tecumseh was an important charismatic leader. what was he trying to do?

He united all of the tribes (Ohio - Mississippi)

Who was Tenskwatawa?

Nickname was the profit, religious leader, a drunk

(WHH attacks Shawnee village on Tippecanoe River)

Treaty of Ghent terms.

SIGNED IN GHENT, BELGIUM

1. Ended War of 1812 (ceasefire)

2. All conquered territory to returned to the owner (pre war boundaries)

3. Never dealt with impressment or neutral shipping rights

Embargo

Do not trade with "said" person (Embargo Act said NO trading)

Non-Intercourse Act

Can't trade with France or Britain

Macon's Bill #2

Madison could restore trade with either France or Britain (He chooses France) (Mr. Madison's war)

Andrew Jackson

Hero of Battle of New Orleans, slave owner, from Tennessee, general, anti-Native American

Aaron Burr

A hair away from being President in the election of 1800 (tie of 73 votes); Jefferson's Vice President; killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel; was wanted for murder