ISLM1 | Part 1

Who is mukallaf?

1. A human with a sound intellect

2. They have reached maturity

3. The message of Islam has reached the mature human
   
   Mukallaf: a person whose action invoke a legal ruling and they are accountable for their actions under Islamic law.

What happens if a mukallaf complies or defies a legal ruilng?

Complying will result in reward
Defying will result in punishment

What is fiqh?

Knowledge of sacred, legal rulings of practical importance, acquired from specific evidence

Knowledge of that which underpins sacred, legal rulings

Why study fiqh?

1. To fulfil the moral obligation to live a God-centered life

2. To live life with purpose and direction

3. To tame one’s nafs (lowly self)

What are the obligatory acts of Tayammum?

1. intention —> because the earth is not intrinsically purifying

2. wiping the face (after one strike over the earth with the inside of the palm)

3. wiping the arms including the elbows (after one strike over the earth with the inside of the palm)

What nullifies tayammum?

1. Whatever nullifies wudhu

2. The ability to use a sufficient amount of water

3. the termination of the “inability”

What are examples of heavy filth?

• [Flowing] Blood

• Alcohol [khamr]

• Urine of animals whose meat is unlawful to eat (incl.

humans)

• Excrement of animals whose meat is unlawful to eat (incl.

humans)

• Sexual fluids [semen and pre-seminal fluids]

• Vomit

• Vaginal discharges [including menstruation blood]

• Saliva of dogs

What are example of light filth?

• Urine of animals whose meat is lawful

to eat (wild stock)

• Excrement of animals whose meat is lawful to eat (cow, sheep, goat, etc.)

What is Istinja?

Istinja to use water or something dry to remove filth from the point of exit

What is a madhhab?

A recognized legal school built around a qualified scholar (mujtahid), with:

• its own body of legal rulings

• a clear method for interpreting law

• defined limits on what is acceptable within the school.”

What is shariah vs fiqh?

Shariʿah is the perfect divine guidance revealed by Allah, while fiqh is the human scholarly understanding, interpretation and application of that guidance to practical legal issues.

What are primary sources of knowledge?

1. Qur’an

2. Sunnah

3. Consensus (ijma’)

4. Analogical Reasoning (qiyas)

What are secondary sources of knowledge?

1. Juristic Preference (istihsān)

2. Public Interest (maslaha)

3. Societal Customs (‘urf)

4. Previously Revealed Law (sharāi’ man qablana)

5. Opinion of a Companion (qawl al-sahābī)

6. Blocking the Means (sadd al-dharāi’)

1,2,6 - methodologies
3,4,5 - historical sources