SAT1) Practical

Hypothesis

A testable statement predicting the outcome of an experiment.

Purpose

The reason for conducting an experiment or investigation.

Independent Variable

The variable that is changed or controlled in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment.

Derived Variable

A variable that is calculated from other variables in the experiment.

Constant Factors

Conditions that are kept the same throughout an experiment to ensure a fair test.

Sample Size

The number of observations or replicates included in a study; larger sample sizes increase the reliability of results.

Importance of Repetition

Repeating experiments helps to confirm results and identify any anomalies.

Control

A standard for comparison in an experiment; it is important to establish a baseline to measure the effects of the independent variable.

Representation of Results

Organizing data in a clear manner (e.g., tables and graphs) to facilitate interpretation.

Scientific Symbols

Different types of symbols and representations used to convey scientific information effectively.

Rules for Tables

Guidelines for creating clear and organized tables to present data.

Rules for Graphs

Guidelines for creating accurate and informative graphs to visualize data.

Range

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set.

Average

The sum of all values divided by the number of values; a measure of central tendency.

Analysis of Results

The process of interpreting data to draw meaningful conclusions.

Critical Evaluation

Assessing the procedures and data to determine the reliability and validity of results.

Random Errors

Errors that occur unpredictably and affect the precision of measurements.

Systematic Errors

Errors that consistently occur in the same direction, affecting the accuracy of measurements.

Reliability

The degree to which results can be depended upon, often influenced by sample size.

Improvements

Suggestions for enhancing the design or execution of an experiment to yield better results.

Inquiry Question

A question that guides the investigation and focuses on the hypothesis.

Conclusions

Statements that summarize the findings of an experiment and relate them to the hypothesis.

Limitations

Factors that may affect the validity of the results and conclusions drawn from an experiment.

Validity

The extent to which an experiment measures what it claims to measure.