Cultural Application Exam 2

cultural competency

provider expertise; focused on knowledge of culture; leads to generalizations; a box to check

cultural humility

lifelong learning/ self reflection; recognizing/ challenging power imbalances; institutional accountability

cultural safety

patients determine whether healthcare interactions feels safe, respectful, free of discrimination, racism, marginalization

cultural awareness

recognition/ understanding of cultural differences, values, beliefs, practices among groups/ individuals

cultural sensitivity

ability to acknowledge, respect, appropriately respond to cultural differences w/o judgement

cultural congruence

delivery of healthcare that fits patient’s cultural values, beliefs, practices, preferences

Leininger's Culture Care Diversity and Universality Theory (nursing actions)

cultural preservation/maintenance, cultural accommodation/negotiation, cultural repatterning/ restructuring

cultural preservation/maintenance

support beneficial cultural practices

cultural accommodation/negotiation

adapt care plans to fit cultural preferences

cultural repatterning/ restructuring

collaboratively modify practices that may negatively affect health

Campinha-Bacote's Cultural Process of Cultural Competence (constructs)

cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural encounters, cultural desire

cultural awareness

self examination/ in-depth exploration of one’s own culture, profession, biases, prejudices, assumptions; attempt to avoid cultural imposition

cultural knowledge

educational foundation about diverse cultural/ ethnic groups; integration of health related beliefs/ worldview, diseases incidence/prevelance, treatment efficacy; conduct cultural assessment

cultural skill

collect relevant cultural data regarding patient’s presenting problem; perform culturally based assessment

cultural encounters

engage in cross-cultural interactions; assess your unit’s needs

ANA Standard 8

demonstrate respect, empathy, equity for all; participates in lifelong learning; creates an inventory of own values, beliefs, cultural heritage; applies knowledge of variations in health beliefs, practices, communication patterns; identifies stage of consumer’s acculturation/ accompanying patterns of needs/ engagement; considers effects of discrimination/ oppression w/i/ among vulnerable groups; uses skills/ tools appropriately vetted; communicates w/ appropiate language/ behvaior; identifies cultural specific meaning; respects consumer decisions; advocates for policies; promotes equal access educates colleagues

health

general state of complete physical, mental, social wellbeing/not merely absence of disease

biological function definition of health

statistically normal function/ disease is state leading to below-normal functioning

problems w/ biological function definition of health

not all abnormal functioning is pathological; doesn’t say what’s good/ bad about being ”unhealthy”

phenomenological definition of health

associated with a feeling

problems w/ phenomenological definition of health

not all healthy people experience comfortable embodiment; many people w/ serious illness may not experience discomfort; health seems to have objective component

social constructionist definition of health

condition counts as disease if we collectively see it as one

problems w/ social constructionist definition if health

doesn’t leave room for society to be wrong about whether something is a health problem

medicalization

process by which a set of symptoms/ experiences come to be treated as an illness/disease

signs of medicalization

symptoms are given a diagnosis; recommended medical intervention; increased scientific research

demedicalization

process by which a set of symptoms is no longer treated as a disease

harms of over-medicalization

promotes excessive treatment; can change what’s socially stigmatized; gives medical professionals control/ authority over conditions they may not be warranted

influences on healthcare discrimination

racism, sexism, xenophobia, ableism, economic ineqauality

modern efforts to reduce discrimination

focus on health equity, trainings/ emphasis on providing culturally congruent care, implicit bias training, community engagement, addressing SDHs

focus on health equity

ensure everyone has a fair opportunity to achieve highest level of health

culturally congruent care

deliver care that respects/ incorprates patients’ cultural beliefs, values, practices

implicit bias

help healthcare professional recognize/ reduce unconscious biases that may affect patient care

community engagement

partner w/ communities rather than making decisions for them

SDHs

addresses non-medical factors that influence health

how medicalization became a thing

power in medical science through technological advancement —> increased trust in professional medicine; increased licensing of medical professionals; physicans lobbyit groups; Hill-Burton Act of 1946