Write: Crime Prevention Quiz Three

Community Policing

A newer philosophy of of policing rather than a clearly definable method; generally includes community involvement, problem solving, a community base, and redefined goals for the police

Order Maintenance

Police functions that do not deal with an immediate criminal action includes responding to disabled autos, escorting funerals and parades, dealing with barking dogs, responding to false alarms and noise complaints, and delivering messages

Problem Solving

Perhaps the most important element of community policing; deals with crime by identifying the underlying causes and contributors to crime and seeking out solutions to those problems

Problem-Oriented Policing

Approaching issues and problems differently based on the uniqueness of each situation

SARA

Problem solving approach that includes: Scanning, Analysis, Response, and Assessment

CAPRA

Stands for Clients, Acquiring and Analyzing Information, Partners, Response, and Assessment; a variation of SARA with very explicit incorporation of clients and partners

Chicago Alternative Police Strategy

Program that includes assigning officers to permanent neighborhood beats, the involvement of residents in the identification of problems and potential solutions, and the reliance on other agencies to address identified issues

Civil Abatement

The use of civil codes to attack crime problems; most notable is the involvement of landlords, citizens, health departments, zoning boards, and city/county attorneys in addressing drug problems

Specialized Multi-Agency Response Team

A civil abatement strategy that relies on the cooperation of police, citizens, and other groups to solve neighborhood problems

Drug Abatement Response Team

A team that works to compel landlords to take action against properties and tenants involved in drug offending

Project TOUGH

A program that works to compel landlords to take action against properties and tenants used as gang headquarters and other gang hangouts

Injunctions

Court orders placing rules and/or restrictions on the behavior of individuals

Comprehensive Communities Program

A partnership-building initiative designed to fight crime and improve the quality of life in communities by using a problem-solving approach that includes a wide array of community individuals, agencies, and groups

Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initative

A partnership program initiated in five states in 98 to fight primarily violent personal crimes

Project Safe Neighborhoods

An outgrowth of SACSI that focuses on primarily reducing firearms violence through partnerships, strategic plans, training, outreach, and accountability

Operation Ceasefire

Partnership in Boston to address gun violence, particularly among juveniles and gang members; creation of an interagency working partnership to assess the nature of the gun problem and the dynamics of youth violence and to identify and implement an effective intervention

Comprehensive Anti-Gang Initiative

A gang-suppression initiative developed by the US Department of Justice that seeks to build a coalition of agencies, including law enforcement, prosecutors, social services, governments, community groups, schools, and others

Business Improvement Districts

Organizations typically composed of area business owners and property owners who voluntarily come together and agree to impose specila tax assessments on themselves

False-Positive Predictions

Predictions in which an individual is predicted to do something in the future but is not found to act in that fashion after follow-up

False-Negative Predictions

Predictions that declare that the person is not a future threat but the individual does engage in the negative behavior at a later time

Clinical Preediction

Predictions based on a rater's evaluation of an individual, usually after interviews and direct examination of the subject and his records

Actuarial Prediction

Prediction based on known parameters in the date

Ecological Fallacy

The attempt to predict individual behavior based on group data imputing the behavior of a single person from the activity of a larger group

Structured Professional Judgement

Actuarial and clinical prediction is combined into one model

Risk Factors

Individual or environmental conditions that have been found to be associated with an increased likelihood of antisocial behavior

Life-Course Persistent Offending

Offending that continues over the long term

Adolescent-Limited Offending

Offending that takes place mainly in adolescence

Hot Products

Items that attract attention and are targeted by thieves

VIVA

The risk of target is directly related to Value, Inertia, Visibility, and Access

Series Victimization

Instances where respondents report multiple acts of the same type over the reference period but cannot provide specifics on each event

Repeat Victimization

Occurs when a person or place is victimized more than once by the same type of victimization

Near Repeat

Offenses that take place at neighboring locations

Virtual Repeat

Follow-up victimizations of a similar person, place, or item after the initial action

Flag Explanation

Also called risk heterogeneity; a prior victimization or some other factor identifies the victim or location as an appropriate target for further victimization

Boost Explanations

Also known as event dependency; situations in which the same offender commits another offense based on the past experiences with that victim or location

Risk, Needs Responsivity Model

The three factors that are essential to meet for successful interventions; basically involves matching the correct subjects with the correct intervention

Risk Principle

Treatment should be targeted at high risk offenders

Need Principle

Making certain that the treatment addresses the needs of the individual

Responsivity Principle

How interventions are initiated and carried out

Treatment Fidelity

Addresses how well the treatment was implemented

Aggregate-Level Evaluation

Looking for changes across large groups of subjects; changes in rates of offending or recidivism

Individual-Level Evaluation

An evaluation that focuses on qualitative changes rather than quantitative shifts; may appear as simple adjustments in the type of offending

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Short-term, goal oriented psychotherapy treatment that takes a hands-on, practical approach to problem solving

Multi-Systemic Therapy

A community-based intervention that attempts to address family, peer, school, community, and other influnces that may prompt or lead to deviant behavior; involves parental and family interventions, social-cognitive strategies, and academic skills and services to address a range of related risk factors and behavioral problems

Cognitive Thinking Skills Program

A multimodal intervention that utilizes a range of techniques targeting cognitive behavioral problems; focuses on identifying cognitive deficits and inappropriate decision making by individuals

Functional Family Therapy

A cognitive behavioral therapy approach that focuses on the family unit and high-risk youths

Restorative Justice

An approach that seeks to repair the harm done to both the victim and the community and to repair the offender; accomplished by brining together a range of interested parties in a non-confrontational setting, including the victim and the offender, as well as family or friends, CJS personnel, and members of the general community

Victim-Offending Mediation

Typically a post-conviction process in which victim and offender are brought together with a mediator to discuss a wide range of issues; the most important concern addressed is to identify for the offender the types and level of harm suffered by the victim as a result of the crime; the meetings focus is on repairing the harm done to the victim, helping the victim heal, restoring the community to the pre-crime state, and reintegrating the offender into society

Family Group Conferencing

Similar to VOM but includes family members, close friends, and other support groups of the victim and offender in the conferences; may also include criminal justice personnel

Neighborhood Reparative Boards

Boards that seek to restore victims and community to pre-offense states, require the offender to make amends, and aid the offender in understanding the impact of their actions on the victim and community

Peacemaking/Sentencing Circles

Based on North American Indian Processes, groups that invite all interested parties to participate in determining the appropriate sanctions for offenders

Drug Court

Represent a coalition of prosecutors, police, probation officers, judges, treatment professionals, social service agencies, and other community groups working together to get the offenders off drugs and keep them off drugs

Treatment Assessment

Serves to identifiy the needs of the individual offender and to match up the offender with the appropriate interventions

Teen Court

An emerging alternative to processing youths in a traditional juvenile court setting; youths act as judges, attorneys, and jury in cases involving status offenses, misdemeanors, and occasionally low-level felonies

Mental Health Court

Speciality court that seeks to address the personalized needs and circumstances of mentally ill individuals brought to the criminal courts for processing; specialized court docker that marshals the expertise of mental health professionals, social services providers, and criminal justice system personnel; provides screening and assessment, followed by treatment that is overseen by the court