Public Health Midterm Practice Questions

The beginning of government's major involvement in social issues, including health, was marked by what event?

The Social Security Act of 1935.

True or False: Physical factors affecting community health include geography, community size, and industrial development.

True.

True or False: Choosing to eat wisely, wearing a seat belt, and visiting the physician are examples of community/public health activities.

False. These are personal health activities.

True or False: Dr. Edward Jenner successfully demonstrated vaccination against smallpox in the twentieth century.

False. Jenner demonstrated smallpox vaccination in 1796, during the eighteenth century.

True or False: The leading causes of death in the United States today are communicable diseases.

False. Noncommunicable diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, are leading causes.

True or False: Individuals with lower socioeconomic status have poorer health status.

True. Lower socioeconomic status is associated with poorer health outcomes.

True or False: COVID-19 exposed shortcomings in the USA's public health preparedness.

True.

What is the term for actions society takes collectively to ensure conditions in which people can be healthy?

Public health.

The Hill-Burton Act of 1946 aimed to enhance the quality of what?

Hospitals.

Which twenty-first-century American community health concerns include lifestyle diseases, environmental problems, and healthcare delivery?

All of these are correct.

True or False: Government health agencies began being created in response to epidemics and mounting health problems in the latter part of the eighteenth century.

True.

True or False: Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle drew attention to the plight of immigrants in the meatpacking industry.

True.

The Shattuck Report marked the beginning of what?

The modern era of public health.

Which was NOT one of the ten great public health achievements worldwide from 2001–2010?

Reduction in alcohol use disorder and other drug addictions.

True or False: Healthcare delivery is a twenty-first-century public health concern.

True.

True or False: A community is a group of people who have common characteristics.

True.

True or False: Migration and population displacement are twenty-first-century global public health concerns.

True.

During which period of the twentieth century did the first professional preparation program for health educators begin?

The 1920s.

True or False: There has been no evidence of community health activities dating back over 1,000 years.

False. Community health activities have existed for thousands of years.

Social advocacy is the systematic process of collection and analysis of issues of concern within a community.

False. This describes a needs assessment.

Recommendations for interventions based on critical review of multiple research and evaluation studies that substantiate the efficacy of the intervention are called what?

Best practices.

Top-down community organization is when community leadership initiates organization.

False. Top-down organization is initiated by people outside the community.

A process by which an intervention is planned to help meet the needs of a priority population is called what?

Program planning.

The priority population are those whom the health promotion program is intended to serve.

True.

The process for people to gain mastery over their lives and the lives of their communities is social capital.

False. This process is empowerment.

Community capacity is the characteristics of communities that affect their ability to identify, mobilize, and address social and public health problems.

True.

Organizing an intervention only based on anecdotal experience and thoughts of a community member is best practice.

False. Best practices are supported by research and evaluation evidence.

“To help employees learn how to manage their stress” is an example of a program objective.

False. This is a broad program goal.

How do program goals compare with objectives?

Program goals are more encompassing than objectives.

The process of collecting and analyzing information to understand the issues, resources, and constraints of the priority population to better develop a health promotion program is called what?

A needs assessment.

Those who control, both formally and informally, the political climate of the community are referred to as gatekeepers.

True.

Summative evaluation is conducted after implementation of the intervention to determine the program’s effect on the priority population and begins with the development of goals and objectives.

True. Evaluation planning begins when goals and objectives are developed; effects are assessed after implementation.

A method of community organization used to address a problem through the application of pressure is called what?

Social advocacy.

The means by which structure and organization are given to the planning process are called what?

Planning models.

Needs-based community organizing focuses on identifying and addressing community deficits.

True.

Pilot testing is used to refine and improve a program before full-scale implementation.

True.

What does the socio-ecological approach emphasize?

The interaction between individuals and their environments.

When mapping community capacity, primary building blocks are the most accessible assets.

True.

Health education and health promotion are terms that can be used interchangeably.

False. Health education is one part of the broader process of health promotion.

Relationships and structures within a community that promote cooperation for mutual benefit describe what?

Social capital.

Formative evaluation is conducted during program development to improve the program before full implementation.

True.

The community capacity development strategy is based on increasing the knowledge and skills of those impacted by the problem.

True.

Which is not one of Rothman’s three primary methods of community organization: locality development, needs assessment, social action, or social planning?

Needs assessment. The three methods are locality development, social action, and social planning.

“When asked in class, 50% of the students will be able to list the four principles of cardiovascular conditioning” is an example of what type of objective?

A learning objective.

The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model emphasizes:

The integration of health, education, and community.

A full- or part-time school health coordinator is critical to maintain school health advisory councils and facilities. True or False?

False

The majority of school-based health centers are found:

On school property.

The group whose primary role is to provide coordination of the various components of the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model is the:

School health advisory council.

Which of the following is not an ideal member of a school health advisory council?

Local business owner.

A growing trend in school-based health centers is the provision of health services through:

Telehealth.

It is harder to learn when you are not healthy. True or False?

True

The first step in developing school health policies is evaluating existing policies. True or False?

False — the first step is building a policy development team.

On an average day, teachers spend more waking hours with school-aged children than do the parents of many children. True or False?

True

Schools have immeasurable potential for affecting the health of children, their families, and the health of the community. True or False?

True

Schools participating in federally funded school feeding programs had to establish local wellness policies because of the requirements of:

The Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004.

School-based health centers get funding from a variety of sources, including private donations. True or False?

True

Which of the following is not a component of traditional school health programming?

Employee wellness.

School health services are those provided by school health workers to appraise, protect, and promote the health of students. True or False?

True

The part of the health curriculum that outlines what will be taught is the:

Scope.

The National Health Education Standards are federally mandated standards to which all school curricula must comply. True or False?

False

The ideal school health advisory council would include representation from a wide variety of school personnel, community members, and community health agencies. True or False?

True

Sequence is when something will be taught. True or False?

True

The coordination of the various components of the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model is the primary role of the school nurse. True or False?

False — the school health advisory council has this primary role.

Things such as indoor air quality, lighting, playgrounds, and school bus safety are part of the school's psychosocial environment. True or False?

False — these are part of the physical environment.

Components of the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model include employee wellness, physical education and physical activity, and nutrition environment and services.

All options are correct.

A school health program based on the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model approach only has significant impacts on student health and education. True or False?

False

The only components of a healthy school environment are the physical and nutritional environments. True or False?

False — physical, emotional, and social environments are included.

School health programs are implemented the same way in each school district in the United States. True or False?

False

Providing direct health care to students, providing screening and referral for health conditions, and disseminating information on infectious diseases and prevention are all responsibilities of the:

School nurses.

Alcohol increases the rates of homicide, suicide, family violence, and unintentional injuries.

True

Obesity in the United States is considered an epidemic.

True

Which U.S. government body regulates the manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of cigarettes?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

The years of life between ages 10 and 64 are considered some of the most productive years of people's lives.

True

Most of the physical threat to health for adolescents and young adults stems from what?

Behavior

The adult population is the population most at risk for STIs.

False

Mortality during adult years is primarily characterized by chronic diseases stemming from poor health behaviors and lifestyle choices made earlier in life.

True

Self-reported behavioral risk data on adults is collected through what system?

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

A critical period during which many health-related beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are adopted and challenged is what?

Adolescence and young adulthood

The number of college students participating in binge drinking has increased.

False

Which age group is most affected by chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes?

Adults

Vaping rates among college young adults have more than tripled since 2017.

True

Adolescents and young adults are classified as which ages?

10 to 24 years

Adults are categorized as those 25 to 64 years of age.

True

The two factors affecting community health that need special attention for adolescents and young adults are community organizing and physical factors.

False — Community organizing and social and cultural factors

Community health strategies for young adults might include workplace wellness programs.

True

Community health workers should provide the same health services to all age groups.

False

Over the past few decades, alcohol use on college campuses has done what?

Gone down

School connectedness is an example of what?

A protective factor

Unintentional injuries are a major cause of mortality among adolescents.

True

The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is relatively easy for most.

False

Over the last several decades, the death rate for adolescents and young adults has significantly increased.

False

The percentage of children younger than 18 living in a single-parent family has been decreasing ever since 1965.

False

The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) generates data on what?

Health behaviors among high school students

Which diseases cause considerable morbidity in adolescents and young adults?

Sexually transmitted diseases (STIs)

The process of determining the preferred number and spacing of children in one's family and choosing the appropriate means to achieve this preference is defined as:

Family planning

Teenage pregnancies can lead to:

All of the options are correct (higher risk of maternal complications, lower educational attainment, and increased likelihood of low birth weight and preterm births).

The adverse consequences related to teen pregnancy end when the child is born.

False

Dobbs v. Jackson is the Supreme Court case that overturned Roe v. Wade.

True

The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program supports nutritional needs and provides access to other health-related goods and services.

True

The United States leads the industrialized world in teen pregnancy and birth rates by a large margin.

True