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How did Renaissance art reflect a humanist outlook?

It was made to show what a person could actually expect to see (perspective). The art is signed.

How did the Renaissance help bring about the Reformation?

The Roman Catholic church officials were raising money and Martin Luther was objected.

How did technology contribute to the Reformation?

Printing presses rapidly spread Martin Luther's ideas.

Why was the Reformation important to the history of thoughts and ideas?

Martin Luther was setting the example for independent thinking.

What must occur before a scientific hypothesis can be declared a valid theory?

reproducibility of experiments.

How did the Scientific Revolution help bring about the Enlightenment?

to apply scientific thinking to politics.

Why did Europe lead the way in global exploration during the time period 1450 to 1750?

Europeans combined advanced technology with a series of purpose not found elsewhere.

Which statement below best describes the Columbian Exchange?

It is a worldwide movement of people and goods.

Why is it important that sugar was transplanted to the New World?

This became the first major crop grown by slaves.

The most significant effect on Africa of the events of the Unit IV time period (1450-1750) was

a huge expansion of the slave trade.

Why was Africa able to recover its population losses from slave trading?

New World crops transplanted to Africa increased the food supply and the population.

How did the African state of Kongo fare during the Unit IV time period (1450-1750)?

Kongo's rule was destroyed as a result of the slave trade. Consequences of the expanding slave trade ended their rule.

How did the African state of Benin fare during the Unit IV time period (1450-1750)?

Benin saw their power enhanced by their European contacts and they skillfully managed their contacts to enhance power.

How did the experiences of firearms compare between Africa's Oyo and Songhay empires?

Oyo benefited from firearms technology, firearms contributed to Songhay's fall.

A sign that the Ottoman Empire was a rising world power early in the Unit IV period (1450-1750) was

The Ottoman Empire destroyed the Byzantine Empire in 1453, destruction of the Byzantine empire.

How did silver mining in Latin America affect the Ottoman Empire in Eastern Europe and the Middle East?

An influx of American silver led to an inflation of prices in the Ottoman empire.

How did China's Ming Dynasty change over its lifetime?

The Ming Dynasty decayed and lost power and was taken over by the Manchu or Chang Dynasty.

How did European activities in the New World affect developments in China?

New World crops introduced into China caused the population to rise and silver from America, came into China in large amounts.

Describe the early Qing Dynasty period in China

They were very aggressive and invaded and conquered many countries.

Why was Portugal important to the European Age of Discovery?

Portugal was the first European country to establish direct sea contact with Asia.

Why was Portugal unable to maintain its early lead over other European countries?

By the 1700's, more powerful European countries had supplanted the Portuguese.

What was Portugal's most successive oversea venture?

Brazil in South America

How did Spain's experiences back home make them aggressively spread Catholicism in the New World?

The Catholic church supported and encouraged Spain's destruction of muslim and Aztec kingdoms.

What factors contributed to Spain's decline to a "third-rate power"?

A storm destroyed the Armada and price inflation from imports of American gold strained the Spanish economy.

Describe the political theory under which French kings ruled

French rulers had said God had raised them to power.

What factors contributed to France's rise as a world power during this time period?

France became unified after expelling English troops and France developed religious toleration; Spain's decline allowed France to have an opportunity to build an overseas empire.

Why did England and Spain fight each other?

England broke from the Catholic Church and England's king Henry the 8th dishonored his Spanish catholic wife; England was building an empire at Spain's expense.

How did England's government change during this time period?

England's king became head of the Protestant church of England; England was ruled by a queen (King Henry the 8th's daughters Mary and Elizabeth); England's parliament was powerful enough to overthrow the king's power.

What aspect of contact with Europe did the Japanese leaders most fear and resent?

Christianity was very threatening to them.

What caused Russia to develop differently from Western Europe during this time period?

The Mongol occupation isolated Russia from European contact.

What Russian city came to dominate the country during the struggle against the Mongols?

Moscow became the dominant city.

What did Russia do during this time period to become the world's largest country?

Russian fur trade with aggressive expansion into Siberia.

Describe the connections between Babur, the Mongols, and the Mughals.

Babur claimed to be descendant of the Mongol conqueror Gangu Eath.

What policy did the Mughals begin that still negatively affects South Asia today?

During the Mughal era India the Muslim ruling class actively persecuted India's Hingu majority.

Describe European activities in India during this time period (1450-1750)

Several European countries were actively competing for India's riches.

Which of the following states saw the most value in adopting European methods?

Russia

How would you describe the treatment and status of women during this time period?

in the Ottoman empire emperor's wives wielded considerable political influence; women not under male authority were often accused of practicing witch craft; European women, particularly if wealthy, enjoyed a better life than other women.

How was slavery different in the Caribbean islands compared to North America?

The islands many slaves died off quickly and were replaced rapidly.

What kept the encomienda from working as well in America as it had in Spain?

In America it was too far away from Spanish authorities to monitor the practice.

How did the mita system work?

one tenth of the worker's time; 1 month out of the year.

How was indentured servanthood a better system for inmates than slavery?

The indentured servanthood knew when the period would end.

How did the Old World diseases help the Spanish conquer so much of America?

Old world diseases largely designated many native American populations.

Why did diseases have so much more powerful an effect on human populations in the Americas compared to the Old World?

Americans lacked immunity from diseases brought in from the Old World.

List major transplanted crops from the Americas back to the Old world

corn, potatoes, tomatoes, chocolate, and tobacco.

List important animals transplanted from the Old World back to the Americas

horses

What happened to european urban life as a result of the conquest of the New World?

European cities expanded due to the increase in shipping.

List African cultural influences which can be seen in the Americas

creole language, food, and music

Which states saw the most value in adopting Confucian methods of rule?

China

In what region outside of Europe did Europeans exert the most influence by 1750?

The Americas

What can we say for certain about the world economy during this time period compared with the 600-1450 A.D. era?

This is the beginning of the global economy