Gollyology Test 1

For Golly Girl to pass her test <3

Indicator used to test simple sugars/carbohydrates

Benedict's Solution

What color change indicated a positive test for sugar, and what color for negative?

Positive: Rusty brown/orange/green/yellow Negative: Blue

Indicator used to test starch and complex carbohydrates

Iodine Solution

What color change indicated a positive test for starch/complex carbohydrates, and what color for negative?

Positive: Dark Blue or Black Negative: Dark Red or Brown

What indicator is used to test proteins?

Biuret Solution

What color change indicated a positive test for protein, and what color for negative?

Positive: Violet, Black Negative: Blue

What indicator is used to test for lipids?

Sudan IV

What color change indicated a positive test for lipids, and what color for negative?

Positive: Reddish-orange Negative: Dark Red

What is the purpose of an indicator?

To show what molecules are present or not present in a solution

In general how big a eukaryotes compared to prokaryotes?

Prokaryotic cells are smaller

Buffer Definiton

A mixture of weak acids and bases that lessen the effect of pH when a strong acid or base is introducted. (Limit pH change)

Acid Definition

A molecule that releases Hydrogen ions into a solution (Ex. Citric acid/lemon juice, Acetic Acid/vinegar, and Hydrochloric acid)

Base Definition

A molecule that absorbs hydrogen ions or releases a hydroxide ion in a solution (Ex. Potassium Hydroxide, Sodium Hydroxide, and Calcium Hydroxide)

What is the pH scale range?

0 to 14

What is the pH range for bases?

8 to 14 (greater than 7)

What is the pH range for acids?

1 to 6 (less than 7)

What is the pH value for neutral?

7

How much more acidic is something witha pH of 6 compared to one with a pH of 7?

10 times more (bc pH is based on a 10X scale

What are the two parts of a solution?

Solute and Solvent

Solute Definition

What is being dissolved (ex Salt in salt water)

Solvent Definition

What is doing the dissolving (ex Water in salt water)

Habitat Definition

Locations in which organisms live

What are the 5 main steps of the scientific method?

1. Making Observations 2. Formulating a Hypothesis 3. Designing an Experiment/Test 4. Interpreting the Data and Drawing Conclusions 5. Theory resulitng from a true hypothesis

Replication definition in terms of scientific method

The experiment is repeated mutliple times to check that the results are consistent

Independent Variable Definition

The variable changed by the experimenter (aka experimental variable)

Dependent Variable Definition

The variable measured in response to the conditions of the experiment

Controlled Variables Definition

The variables that stay the same to be used as a basis for comparison

What is Biology

 The study of living things, taking a scientific approach, we investigate the facts and ideas in biology that are already known and study the process by which we come to learn new things. 

blind experimental design

the Participants are not aware whether they are receiving the treatment or not.

double-blind experimental

In a double-blind experimental design, neither the expiramental nor the Expirementer know which subjects are receiving the treatment.

Randomized design

The experimental and controlled group are chosen at random, no influence compromising the experiment

How are you going to write a graph to display information

Title- describe the content, X axis- Horizontal - Independent Variable, Y axis- Dependent variable,

Is virus alive? Why or Why not?

No not alive, they infect everything, they cannot reproduce, process energy or self regulate.

Scientific theory

Backed by strong consensus from the scientific community, based on a broad range of evidence.

Scientific Law

universal statements describing something that always happens in the physical world, for any scientific idea to become a law it needs to be backed by a groundswell of evidence 

Biological Organization - Organ System, Ecosystems, Biomes Cells, Communities, Biosphere, Molecules, Population,

Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Population, Communities, Ecosystems, Biomes, Biosphere

 Organic molecules

 Chemical compounds that contain both carbon and, usually hydrogen.

macromolecule

 A large molecule, made up of smaller building blocks or subunits.

monomers

 A relatively simple molecule that serves as a building block that is linked together with other such molecules to form more complex molecules called polymers.

polymers

 A complex molecule formed by the linking together of similar building blocks- monomers-covalently bonded together. 

What are Carbohydrates made up of and what do they do

Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, they release energy

Disaccharide

two monosaccharides linked together

Polysaccharide

which are many monosaccharides (even thousands) linked together

What is the function of starch in plants?

Primary energy storage, carbohydrate; A complex polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of monosaccharides linked in line; in plants, the primary form of energy storage.

function of glycogen

Primary form of storage of sugar in the body, acting as a ready energy reserve when you need fuel.

 Cellulose

A complex carbohydrate, indigestible by humans that serves as the structural material for a huge variety of plant structures,

Lipids

a natural, fatty or waxy molecule that does not dissolve in waterr CHO

Hydrophobic 

 Repelled by water, nonpolar molecules, lipids

 Hydrophilic

Attracted to water, as, for example, poplar molecules that reality form hydrogen bonds with water.