Organic Compounds and Isomers Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering isomers, carbohydrates, dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis, and lipids based on the provided lecture notes.

Isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula, but with different structural formulas and properties.

Structural isomers

One of the three different classes of isomers.

Geometric isomers

One of the three different classes of isomers.

Enantiomers

One of the three different classes of isomers.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds used as an important source of energy, composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a fixed ratio of $1:2:1$.

Monosaccharides

The simple sugars that serve as the basic building blocks of carbohydrates, such as glucose.

Glucose

An example of a monosaccharide simple sugar.

Polysaccharide

A molecule built by linking several monosaccharides together.

Dehydration synthesis

The process by which monosaccharides are linked together to build a polysaccharide.

Hydrolysis

The process by which larger molecules, such as a polysaccharide, can be broken down into smaller molecules.

Lipids

Organic compounds that include fats, oils, and waxes.

Triglycerides (fats)

The most common type of lipid, composed of a glycerol molecule and $3$ fatty acid tails/chains.

Phospholipids

One of the three major families of lipids.

Steroids

One of the three major families of lipids.

Hydrocarbon tail

A long chain of carbons bonded to hydrogens at one end of a fatty acid tail, rich in energy due to its $\text{C-H}$ bonds.