Midterm-Terms/buzz words

causative agents

a biological pathogen/organism that can cause disease/illness

zoonotic

can be transferred from animals to humans, an infection or infestation shared in nature by humans and other animals

pathogen

any virus, microorganism or other substance causing disease

incubation period

the development, without sign or symptom, of an infection from the time an infectious agent gains entry until the appearance of the first signs or symptoms

aerosol

liquid matter dispersed in air, gas or vapor in the form of a fine mist

enteric

Relating to the intestine

reservoir of infection

living or nonliving material in or on which an infectious agent multiplies and/or develops and is dependent for its survival in nature

-it is likely that animals can shed the pathogen without becoming ill if they are a reservoir of infection

fomite

an inanimate object that can carry diseases from an animal to a person

-examples: contaminated brushes, needles, clothing, and bedding

-can transfer through direct contact

ppe

Equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards

-ex: gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing devices, hardhats, respirators, and full body suits

residual bags

after first pregnancy bag/udders recede but they will remain larger than prior to first pregnancy

nesting behavior

This can include pawing the ground, circling, or searching for a suitable spot to give birth

prolapse

The reproductive tract is expelled partially or completely

partial prolapse

vaginal prolapse

• Vagina protrudes out of the vulva

• Can be pushed back in

• Wash with clean warm soapy water, slowly push back in

• Most vaginal prolapses occur in the last few days or weeks of pregnancy

complete uterine prolapse

much harder to push back in and must be found early or else animal is (typically) put down

[time is important]

• Occurs after parturition

• Pushing back in involves a specific protocol

dystocia

difficult birth

Occurs when the fetus is too large to pass through the birth canal, or there is an abnormal presentation (backwards = breech birth)

retained placenta

fter giving birth, the last thing to be expelled is the placenta

• Failure to expel the placenta after parturition can lead to infections & other complications

hyperechoic/hypoechoic/anechoic

white (lots of echos bouncing back), gray (less echos bouncing back), black (no echos bouncing back)

transabdominal

scannoing on outside of body against abdomen

palpation

the process of feeling an object in or on the body to determine its size, shape, firmness, or location

BCS

A subjective assessment of the amount of fat and muscle cover on an animal’s body

• Not necessarily taking weight but the condition of the animal

• Is an animal too thin, too fat, or in ideal condition

drench

administering a drug/dewormer in liquid form orally

withdrawl period

The time it takes before the dewormer/anthelmintic is cleared out of the body completely or levels are safe for human consumption of meat or milk

off label

the use of an anthelmintic on a species that it is not specifically labeled for

subcutaneous/inremuscular/intravenous

(sq; SQ)- under the skin but not into the muscle; Most commonly used for vaccines

(im; IM)- directly into the muscle

(iv; IV)- into a vein

flash

or pull back on syringe & see if blood enters syringe to make

sure you are in the vein

killed

• or inactivated)

• Completely inactivated by heat, chemicals, or radiation

• Or pieces (or fragments) of a virus or bacteria

• Typically, does not make animals sick (extremely mild)

• Offers less protection

modified live

• (ML)

• Modified/altered to remain functional, but it is a weakened version of a virus or bacteria

• Can cause mild sickness

• Offers better protection

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bacteria

cause caseous lymphadenitis (CL; CLA)

disbudding

destruction of the horn-producing cells of the horn bud before it fuses to the frontal sinus, which typically occurs after ~2 weeks of age

dehorning

the procedure of removing horns after they have fused to the frontal sinus of the animal

enzoonotic

a disease or pathogen is continuously present in at least one species of non-human animal in a particular region

biosecurity

practices and procedures used to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases

flight zone

a personal space they're uncomfortable with others invading

-Use this zone to approach and move animals without causing panic

point of balance

direction determined of an animal moving is the point of balance

Epistaxis

term for nosebleed

Traffic

a subtype of famine transmission in which a vehicle, trailer, or human spreads organic material to another location

direct contact

a susceptible animal becomes exposed when teh disease agent directly touches open wounds, mucous membranes, or teh skin trhough blood, saliva, nose to nose contact, rubbing, or biting

reproductive

a subtype of direct contact that includes diseases spread through mating or to teh fetus during pregnancy

oral

consuming disease causing agents in contaminated feed, water or licking/chewing on contaminated enviromental objects

vector-borne / vector

an insect aquires a disease agent from one animal and trasnmits it to another

vector: bug (mosquito, lice, flea, etc.)