ch. 5 stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination

prejudice

negative feelings about other because of their group membership

discrimination

negative behavior directed toward a person because of their group membership

stereotypes

beliefs that associate a whole group of people with certain traits

modern racism

Subtle racial prejudice involving hidden biases, denial of ongoing discrimination, and opposition to policies aiding minorities.

aversive racism

Unconscious racial bias in equality-minded individuals, causing subtle discrimination in ambiguous situations.

implicit racism

Unconscious, unintentional racial biases that influence thoughts and behaviors

ambivalent hostile sexism

an overtly negative attitude toward women that uses derogatory beliefs and aggressive stereotypes to maintain male power and traditional gender roles

benevolent sexism

an attitude toward women that appears positive, chivalrous, or complimentary on the surface, but actually relies on traditional gender stereotypes and reinforces male dominance

gender discrimination

the unfair, unequal, or differential treatment of an individual based on their sex, gender identity, or gender expression

intersectionality

the meaning and consequences of belonging to multiple categories of identity, difference, and disadvantage

stereotype threat

fear that one will be reduced to a stereotype in the eyes of others

how does socialization occur

the lifelong process through which people learn and internalize the values, norms, and beliefs of their society

social categorization

sort people into groups, but you overestimate the differences between groups and underestimate the differences with groups

in-group vs. outgroup

group you identify with vs groups other than your own

outgroup homogeneity effect

assume there is greater similarity among outgrip members than in-group members

dehumanization

process outgroup members as objects or lower than animals instead of humans

social dominance orientation

desire to see ones in-group as dominant over other groups

illusory correlations

mistaken belief that two things are related to each other because they seem to go together

superordinate goals

shared goals that can only be reached by cooperating with others

realistic conflict theory

hostility between two groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources

social identity theory

a personality trait that measures how much an individual supports social hierarchy and group-based inequality

attributions

try to understand the causes of peoples behavior

subtyping

rather than change our stereotypes we often subtype individuals from the outgroup to keep our our original stereotype intact

confirmation biases

tendency to interpret, seek, and create info that confirms our expectations

self fulfilling prophecy

can cause a perceiver to act a certain way that the stereotyped group member behaves in a stereotype confirming way

automatic activation of stereotypes

the unconscious, effortless triggering of stored social category traits and associations when encountering a member or symbol of that group

contact hypothesis

under certain conditions direct contact between hostile groups will reduce prejudice

the jigsaw classroom

learning method in which each student in the group is responsible for learning a piece of info and teaching it

common in-group identity model

a social psychology framework that reduces prejudice by changing how people mentally categorize others from separate groups into a single, inclusive team

How do we change cognitions cultures and motivations

leveraging psychological tension, modifying behavior patterns, and realigning systemic rewards across individual and group levels