chemistry memorization quiz 1 for exam 3

What are the six types of chemical reactions?

Synthesis/combination, decomposition, combustion, single displacement, double displacement, and acid-base neutralization.

What is a synthesis/combination reaction?

Two or more reactants combine to form one product: A + B → C.

What is a decomposition reaction?

One compound breaks down into two or more products: C → A + B.

What is the general pattern for combustion of a hydrocarbon or carbohydrate?

Fuel + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O.

What products form when a hydrocarbon or carbohydrate burns completely?

Carbon dioxide and water.

When a metal burns in oxygen, what reaction type is it classified as in the lecture?

Synthesis/combination, because the metal and oxygen form one compound.

What is a single-displacement reaction?

An element replaces an element in an ionic compound: A + BC → AC + B.

What is a double-displacement reaction?

Two ionic compounds exchange ionic partners: AB + CD → CB + AD.

What commonly forms in the double-displacement examples in the lecture?

An insoluble solid precipitate.

What is an acid-base neutralization reaction?

An acid reacts with a base to form water and an ionic compound (salt).

What is the general pattern for acid-base neutralization?

HA + BOH → HOH + BA.

How is acid-base neutralization related to double displacement?

It is technically a type of double-displacement reaction.

What is the key product difference between the lecture's double-displacement and neutralization examples?

Double displacement forms an insoluble precipitate; neutralization forms liquid water instead.

What general form represents an acid in the lecture?

HA.

What general form represents a base in the lecture?

BOH.

How should you decide a reaction type when given a written description?

Identify the reactants and products, write the equation, then classify the reaction pattern.

What is the first step when writing a chemical equation?

Write the correct formula for each compound or element.

Where are reactants written in a chemical equation?

On the left side of the arrow.

Where are products written in a chemical equation?

On the right side of the arrow.

What does the arrow in a chemical equation mean?

Reactants form or produce the products; use an arrow rather than an equals sign.

What do phase labels in a chemical equation indicate?

The physical state of each reactant or product.

What does (s) mean in a chemical equation?

Solid.

What does (l) mean in a chemical equation?

Liquid.

What does (g) mean in a chemical equation?

Gas.

What does (aq) mean in a chemical equation?

Aqueous: dissolved in water.

When should phase labels be added and the equation balanced, according to the lecture's workflow?

Write the formulas and equation first, add phase labels, then balance the equation.

What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

To make the number of atoms of each element equal on both sides.

What numbers are used to balance a chemical equation?

Coefficients placed in front of chemical formulas.

When balancing, should you change subscripts in a chemical formula?

No. Keep each compound's formula correct and adjust coefficients.

What does a balanced chemical equation communicate about reactants and products?

Their relative mole ratios.

What is a mole ratio in a balanced chemical equation?

A ratio between the amounts in moles of reactants and products, taken from the coefficients.

Why must chemical formulas be correct before balancing?

Balancing coefficients cannot fix an incorrect chemical formula.

What balancing tip is given for combustion reactions?

Balance oxygen last, especially when oxygen appears in multiple reactants or products.

How should you treat a coefficient of one when reading an equation?

It is understood even when it is not written.

What does the lecture mean by 'balance the ions, not the elements' for double displacement?

Keep each ion's charge and identity consistent; polyatomic ions stay together when unchanged.

What should you balance first in the lecture's acid-base neutralization method?

Balance the water (HOH) by considering H⁺ and OH⁻ first.

In a double-displacement reaction, what happens to the ions' partners?

The positive and negative ions switch partners.

What distinguishes single displacement from double displacement?

Single displacement involves an element replacing another in a compound; double displacement involves two ionic compounds exchanging partners.

What distinguishes decomposition from synthesis?

Decomposition splits one compound into multiple products; synthesis combines reactants into one product.

What is the relationship between a balanced equation's coefficients and mole amounts?

The coefficients give the relative numbers of moles that react or form.

What is an example of a synthesis reaction from the lecture supplement?

Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron(III) oxide (rust), or hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.

What is an example of decomposition from the lecture supplement?

An electrical current separates water into hydrogen and oxygen.

What is an example of single displacement from the lecture supplement?

Lithium is added to sodium nitrate solution, and lithium and sodium exchange roles through replacement.

What is an example of double displacement from the lecture supplement?

Calcium nitrate and sodium carbonate exchange ions, forming calcium carbonate precipitate.

What is an example of acid-base neutralization from the lecture supplement?

Perchloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide to form water and an ionic compound.

What is the naming pattern for chlorate's corresponding oxoacid shown in the lecture?

Chlorate (ClO₃⁻) corresponds to chloric acid (HClO₃).