Chp 6 Review + Evaluations - Biology

• Somatic (parent)

• Identical

Mitosis is when a ___ cell divides into two genetically ____ daughter cells

Two Major Phases → Interphase & Mitotic Phase

Interphase → G1, S, G2

Mitotic Phase → Mitosis & Cytokinesis (PMAT + C)

Mitosis → PMAT

Phases w/in the Cell Cycle

G2

Cell continues to grow, forms microtubules in preparation for division

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up down the center

G1

Cell recovering from division, growing in size, doubling organelles

Prophase

Chromatin condenses, nucleus and nucleolus breakdown, mitotic spindle fibers form

Telophase

Chromosomes relax, nucleus and nucleolus reform, mitotic spindle fibers breakdown

S Phase

DNA is replicated

Cytokinesis

• Animals – actin creates a cleavage furrow

• Plants – cell plate forms

• Both – cells split

Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate forming daughter chromosomes

 Homologous Chromosomes

are found as a pair in a set within an organism’s genome

Diploid

If there are two of these in a set that means the organism is ____ or 2n

• length/size

• genes

One of these DNA molecules came from your mother and one molecule came from your father.

In a set, the molecules are the same _____ the centromere is in the same location, and ____ are in the same locus but have variation

Sister Chromatids

are duplicated chromosomes attached at the centromere

They have identical genes

• S (Synthesis)

• Anaphase

These molecules (Sister chromatids) are formed during ____ phase of interphase and only separate during the ____ of mitosis

These molecules are synthesized so that new cells after mitosis have a whole new, identical set of DNA

G1 (primary checkpoint)

the check point in which a cell checks if DNA was damaged during mitosis and if there is enough nutrients available to move forward with the cell cycle. The molecule p53 is used here to correct DNA damage or cause apoptosis

G2 Checkpoint

occurs to check if chromosomes lined up correctly during mitosis before being split to opposite side of the cell

M Checkpoint

occurs to check that DNA was replicated correctly in the previous phase

Somatic cell, gamete

A ___(1) is a body cell. They make up all of our cells except for ___(2)

Mitosis

The cell type above (1) (somatic) replicates through the process of ____

Diploid

The Somatic (1) cell type is ____

Haploid

The Gamete (2) cell type is _______

p53

Which molecule will repair damaged DNA but if the damage is irrepairable will cause the cell to undergo apoptosis?

What is binary fission? How is it different from mitosis? How is it similar?

Genome

A __ is the full set of DNA in an organism's body

Chromosomes

Long strands of DNA w/ 500 million base pairs are called ___

Double Helix

The Structure of DNA is a ___ ____

• Thymine

• Cytosine

The 4 Nitrogenous bases in humans are Adenine, ___, Guanine, & ___. Adenine pairs w/ ___, & Guanine pairs with?

Carbon

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein is called a ___. There are 20,000 of these in each our cells

• Somatic

• Gametes

Body cells are called ___ cells, & sex cells are recalled ___

46 ; 23

Humans have ___ sets of chromosomes in body cells (2n) & __ sets in gametes (n) (sperm & eggs)

zygote

When two haploid (n) cells join, they form a diploid(2n) ___

homologous

Chromosomes that are the same length & have genes at the same loci are called ___ chromosomes

genome

A ___ is the entire genetic complement of an organism

• DNA

• Nucleoid

Genes are long strands of ___ found in the nucleus of Eukaryotes & found in the ___ of Prokaryotes

• sugar

• nitrogenous

• hydrogen

The structure of DNA consists of a PO4 group a 5 carbon ___ & ___ bases held together by ___ bonds

• Thymine

• Cytosine

The 4 paired nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine & ___ & Guanine & ___

gene

A sequence of DNA that codes for the production of specific protein is called a ___

homologous

Paired chromosomes that are the same length & have genes at the same loci is called ___ chromosomes

(Sister) Chromatids

___ are duplicated chromosomes attached by a centromere

A long strand (stretch out) of DNA

What is a chromosome?

• 46

• 23

How many Chromosomes are in human somatic cells? Sex cells or gametes?

• Chromatids

• centrosomes

When chromosomes divide, they form sister ___ held together by ___

• Interphase & S phase

• G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

What is the resting phase of cell division in which the chromosomes divide? What are its phases?

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase

What are the Phases of Mitosis

Cytokinesis

What is the last phase of Mitosis?