bio 1-Unit 5: Cell Structure

plasma membrane

barrier surrounding cell

cytosol

semi-fluid jelly-like substance that fills the cell

chromosomes

carry the genes of the cell (DNA)

ribosome

site of protein manufacturing

cytoplasm

everything inside the cell

nucleoid

region where DNA is coiled (only in Prokaryotes)

nucleus

contains most of the cells DNA- 5 microm

nuclear envelope

double membrane

nuclear pores

Hole in the nuclear envelope

Pore complex

proteins that line each pore

nuclear lamina

maintains the nuclear structure inside the nuclear envelope

nuclear matrix

filers that extend through the nucleus

chromatin

complex of DNA and proteins

nucleolus

densely stained granules and fibres adjoining the chromatin

Cisternae

Network of membranous tubules and sacs

free ribosomes

suspended in cytosol

bound ribosomes

attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelop

what is the function of the endomembrane system?

protein synthesis, protein transport, metabolism and movement of lipids, and detoxification of poisons

cisternal space

internal compartment of the ER

lumen

inside space enclosed by a cellular membrane ir organelle

smooth ER

synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbs, detoxification of drugs and poison and storage of Ca ions

Rough ER

ribosomes bound to the outer surface of the membranes

what’s the function of the rough ER

Synthesis of secretory proteins and membranes

Golgi apparatus

warehouse for receiving, sorting, shipping and manufacturing

what is the cis face of the Golgi apparatus?

the receiving side. vesicles bud from the RER to add to the cis face

what is the trans face of the Golgi apparatus?

the shipping side. gives rise to vesicles that pinch off and travel to other sites

what features or structures are common to all life forms?

plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, ribosomes, and cytoplasm

where do eukaryotes and prokaryotes store their DNA?

prokaryotes: in the nucleotide, eukaryotes: membrane bound nucleus

what is the nucleus?

contains most of the cells DNA

what is the nuclear envelope?

double membrane

what is the nuclear pores?

hole in the nuclear envelope

what is the pore complex?

proteins that line each pore

what is the nuclear lamina?

maintains the nuclear structure inside the nuclear envelope

what are ribosomes?

proteins are made here

which organelles are in the endomembrane system?

nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles and vacuoles, and plasma membrane

what’s the function of the endomembrane system?

protein synthesis, protein transport, metabolism, movement of lipids, detoxification of poisons.