cardio facts

ACE inhibitors — I

HTN, HF

ACE inhibitors — F/R

Tabs/caps; PO

ACE inhibitors — AE

Dry cough, hyperK, dizziness

ACE inhibitors — W

Angioedema, fetal toxicity

ACE inhibitors — CI

Pregnancy, hx of ACEi angioedema

Ramipril — Exception

CV risk reduction

Benazepril — Exception

HTN

Captopril — Exception

Rash

ARBs — I

HTN; some for HF or diabetic nephropathy

ARBs — F/R

Tabs; PO

ARBs — AE

Dizziness, hyperK

ARBs — W

Fetal toxicity

ARBs — CI

Pregnancy

Losartan/irbesartan — Exception

Diabetic nephropathy

Valsartan/candesartan — Exception

HF

Telmisartan — Exception

CV risk reduction

Beta blockers — I

HTN, angina, HF, rate control (varies)

Beta blockers — F/R

Mostly tabs; PO. Timolol: eye drops

Beta blockers — AE

Bradycardia, fatigue, HoTN

Beta blockers — W

Masks hypoG; abrupt D/C worsens angina

Beta blockers — CI

Severe bradycardia, heart block

Propranolol — Exception

Tremor, migraine prevention; asthma/bronchospasm risk

Timolol — Exception

Glaucoma; eye drops

CCBs — I

HTN, angina, certain arrhythmias

CCBs — F/R

Tabs/caps (incl. ER); PO

CCBs — AE

Edema, dizziness; bradycardia/constipation (non-DHP)

CCBs — W

HoTN, heart block (esp. diltiazem/verapamil)

CCBs — CI

Severe HoTN, certain heart blocks

Amlodipine/nifedipine — Exception

Edema, flushing, HA

Diltiazem/verapamil — Exception

Bradycardia

Verapamil — Exception

Constipation

Thiazides — I

HTN, edema

Thiazides — F/R

Tabs; PO

Thiazides — AE

HypoK, hypoNa, dehydration

Thiazides — W

Electrolyte imbalance, dehydration

Thiazides — CI

Anuria

HCTZ — Exception

increase glucose

Loop diuretics — I

Edema

Loop diuretics — F/R

PO; IV/IM also available

Loop diuretics — AE

HypoK, dehydration, HoTN

Loop diuretics — W

Electrolyte imbalance, dehydration

Loop diuretics — CI

Anuria

Furosemide — Exception

Ototoxicity

K-sparing diuretics — I

Edema, HTN; some for HF

K-sparing diuretics — F/R

Tabs/caps; PO

K-sparing diuretics — AE

HyperK

K-sparing diuretics — W

HyperK, electrolyte imbalance

K-sparing diuretics — CI

HyperK

Spironolactone — Exception

Gynecomastia; hyperaldosteronism

Statins — I

HLD, CV risk reduction

Statins — F/R

Tabs; PO

Statins — AE

Myalgia, elevated liver enzymes, ha

Statins — W

Myopathy, rhabdo

Statins — CI

Active liver dz; pregnancy

Ezetimibe — I

HLD

Ezetimibe — F/R

Tab; PO

Ezetimibe — AE

Diarrhea, arthralgia

Ezetimibe — W

Liver enzyme elevations with statins

Ezetimibe — CI

Active liver dz when combined with statin

Fibrates — I

HyperTG

Fibrates — F/R

Tabs/caps; PO

Fibrates — AE

Abd pain, N/V, HA

Fibrates — W

Myotoxicity with statins; gallstones

Fibrates — CI

Severe liver/renal dz

Fenofibrate — Exception

Gallstones

Anticoagulants — I

Clot prevention/tx; AFib, DVT, PE

Anticoagulants — F/R

Tabs/caps; PO. Enoxaparin: SC

Anticoagulants — AE

Bleeding, bruising

Anticoagulants — W

Major bleeding

Anticoagulants — CI

Active major bleeding; warfarin: pregnancy

Warfarin — Exception

INR monitoring; food/drug interactions

Dabigatran — Exception

Dyspepsia

Enoxaparin — Exception

Spinal/epidural hematoma

Antiplatelets — I

CV event prevention, ACS

Antiplatelets — F/R

Tabs; PO

Antiplatelets — AE

Bleeding, bruising, GI upset

Antiplatelets — W

Bleeding (esp. GI with ASA)

Antiplatelets — CI

Active bleeding; ASA allergy

Nitrates — I

Angina tx/prevention

Nitrates — F/R

Nitro: SL tab/spray, patch; isosorbide: PO/ER

Nitrates — AE

HA, HoTN, flushing

Nitrates — W

Severe HoTN with PDE-5 inhibitors

Nitrates — CI

Concurrent PDE-5 inhibitors

Nitroglycerin — Exception

Acute angina

Isosorbide mononitrate — Exception

Angina prevention

Digoxin — I

HF, AFib

Digoxin — F/R

Tab, solution, injection; PO/IV

Digoxin — AE

N/V, dizziness, visual changes

Digoxin — W

NTI, toxicity

Digoxin — CI

Certain ventricular arrhythmias

Antiarrhythmics — I

Arrhythmias

Antiarrhythmics — F/R

Tabs; PO. Amiodarone: IV also

Antiarrhythmics — AE

N/V, dizziness, visual changes, photosensitivity (varies)

Antiarrhythmics — W

Amiodarone: lung/thyroid/liver toxicity, QT increase; flecainide: proarrhythmia

Antiarrhythmics — CI

Conduction disorders; flecainide: structural heart dz

Amiodarone — Exception

Pulmonary, thyroid, hepatic toxicity; QT increase

Flecainide — Exception

Proarrhythmia; avoid in structural heart dz

Clonidine — I

HTN

Clonidine — F/R

Tabs, patch; PO/transdermal

Clonidine — AE

Dry mouth, drowsiness, HoTN