History Section 3

Warhawks

Democratic-Republicans elected in 1810 who wanted to go to war with the British to help the economy and gain territory. Chief among them were Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.

The War of 1812

1812-1815, the second American-British war. Essentially a draw, but a moment of national pride for Americans having survived the British twice. Madison is President and sees the White House and other government buildings get burned to the ground.

Slave Codes

Rules applying to slaves, pertaining to what they could do, where they could go, etc. Precursor to segregation/ Jim Crow laws.

Interchangable Parts

Revolutionized the industry by allowing for the manufacture of repair parts.

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of the State under Monroe, President 1825-1829, beneficary of the “Corrupt Bargain”.

Telegraph

Created by Samuel Morse in 1836, allowed near-instantaneous communication across the nation.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that it was God’s will for America to expand and dominate.

Reciprocal Tariff

The counter-action of a protective tariff, you tarrifed my ______, so I will tarrif your ______ in response.

The Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812

Joseph Smith

Founded the Mormon Church

Oregon Trail

The path began in Independence, MO which millions of people took to go west.

The Missouri Compromise

Devised by Henry Clay, it set the boundary for new slave states below 36’30. Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

The Monroe Doctrine

Decree by James Monroe that European colonization in the Western Hemisphere had now ended. America would stay out of European affairs as well.

Antebellum

Period between 1815-1860, dealt with rich white society in the South. Think “Gone with the Wind”

Henry Clay

Warhawk, Deocratic Repulican, Speaker of the House, created the Missouri Compromise, helped John Quincy Adams become President in 1824 in the “Corrupt Bargain”.

The Bank War

Andrew Jackson’s crusade against the Second National Bank. It eventually led to the Panic of 1837 after Jackson left office.

Tippecanoe

The battle/massacre of Prophetstown by American soldiers in 1811.

Andrew Jackson

Hero of New Orleans, he runs for president in 1824 and feels cheated. Splits from the Democratic-Republicans and forms the Democratic Party. Runs again and wins in 1828. Very authoritarian in his approach, very anti-Indian in his policies.

Martin Van Buren

Helped Jackson form the Democratic Party. Ran the Albany Regency political machine. Jackson’s Vice President in 2nd term. Becomes President in 1836 and presides over the panic of 1837.

Aaron Burr

Jefferson’s Vice President, kills Alxander Hamilotn in a duel in 1804, later charged with treason but acquitted.

The Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney’s invention which increased the need for slaves in the South.

John Tyler

William Henry Harrison’s Vice President, who became President after 30 days. Unliked by both sides.

The Corrupt Bargain

In the election of 1824, Speaker Henry Clay helped John Quincy Adams become President, then became his Secretary of State.

The Indian Removal Act (1830)

Federal Law which gave the government the power to use eminent domain to move tribes out of their lands to reservations.

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President, buys Lousiana Purchase from Napoleon, second term marked by bad economic decisons in relation to foreign trade.

Fort McHenry

Battle during the War of 1812. Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the Star Spangled Banner after witnessing the fight.

The Embargo Act of 1807

Federal law cutting off all foreign trade in response to British and French impressment of American ships. Caused a huge economic collapse.

Protective Tariff

Placing a tax on a foreign import to prop up domestic competition and put American manufacturers in a better position to compete.

The Alamo

The place the Texans tried to hold out against the Mexicans and General Santa Ana. They were eventually overtaken and killed. Became a rallying cry for Texan independence.

The Whig Party

Replaced the Democratic-Republicans as the main opposition to Jackson’s Democratic Party.

James K. Polk

Elected President in 1844 on a platform heavily inspired by Manifest Destiny. Expanded the nation’s borders and went to war with Mexico.

General Santa Ana

Mexican leader. He fought with the Texans when they wanted independence and then fought the Americans when they invaded.

The Trail of Tears

The path traveled by Indians when they were removed from the Southeast and made to go to reservations in modern-day Oklahoma. A dark moment in American history.

Nullification

This is when a State decides it will ignore Federal Law.

William Henry Harrison

Elected in 1840, reposnible for Tippecanoe, dies only 30 days into his term.

John C. Calhoun

A warhawk along with Henry Clay, Vice President to both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, eventually quit as VP to become South Carolina Senator. Supported Nullification concerning tariffs.

Cherokee v Georgia (1831)

Supreme Court case which found that Indian tribes are neither foreign nor domestic and had no standing to sue the government.

James Madison

Father of the Constitution, President during the War of 1812.

Tecumseh

Shawnee Chief and powerful orator who worked to unite Native American tribes against U.S. expansion into the early 19th century.

The Era of Good Feelings

From 1820-1824, a period marked by a distinct lack of partnership during James Monroe’s second term. This is also due to a near non-existent Federalist Party.