AP Euro Ch. 5 Rise of Atlantic Economies

1. Increased land for cultivation by deforestation and draining swamps

2. Dutch built dikes

3. Natural Fertilizer

4. Enclosure Movement

Three ways in which Europe improved the commercialization of agriculture

Joint Stock Companies

Increased banking institutions... Bank of Amsterdam/London

Bills of Exchange/Letters of Credit

Three methods used by Europeans that increased the expansion of trade

Elizabeth I

Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, This queen of chose a policy of religious compromise between the Anglicans and Catholics and required her subjects to attend church or face a fine.

Act of Uniformity

Key part of the Elizabethan Settlement, in which Cranmer's Book of Common Prayer was reinstated with some revisions to make it more acceptable to Catholics

Act of Supremacy

Declared the king to be head of the English church rather than the Pope (created by Henry VIII)

Mary Stuart "Mary Queen of Scots"

Queen of Scotland who was beheaded because she was accused of conspiring for the throne of England. Mother of James I, cousin of Elizabeth I

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

British East Indian Company

Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed

William Shakespeare

(1564 - 1616) English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language during the Elizabethan Era

Globe Theatre

(1599-1613) Shakespeare's main theatre built along the south bank of the Thames in London. It is an octagonal building with a central courtyard open to the sky.

Ship Money

Assessed typically on the inhabitants of coastal areas of England, it was one of several taxes that English monarchs could levy by prerogative without the approval of Parliament.

Currency Debasement

Reducing the quantity of gold, silver, copper, or nickel in a coin.

Spanish Netherlands

This region was the most prosperous of all territory controlled by Philip II

Amsterdam

The Dutch city was a commercial cosmopolitan center for European trade

Escorial Palace

The residence of Philip II of Spain

Duke of Alva

Brutal military leader sent by Philip II to suppress the Dutch Revolt

Spanish Armada

This fleet of ships was sent by Philip II in 1588 to attack England

Battle of Lepanto

This naval battle in 1571 resulted in a Spanish victory over the Turks in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Ferdinand and Isabella

King and Queen of Spain, linked the regions of Castile and Aragon. Considered "New Monarchs"

Primogeniture

Concept of the oldest son inheriting property