PSYC 235-01: CH1 Theories of Development (part 2)

Behaviorism

Examines only observable behaviors, all behavior is influenced by physical and social environment

Social Learning Theory

People learn new behaviors, values, and attitudes by watching and imitating others

Reciprocal Determinism

Individuals and Environment interact and influence each other

Cognition

Focuses on thoughts and its impact on behavior

Piagets Cognitive Development Theory

Children actively construct their understanding of the world as they mature biologically. Expand upon schemas.

Cognitive Schema

How we’re organizing certain thoughts in our head

Sensorimotor Stage of Development

Birth-2 Years | Learning through senses and actions

Preoperational Stage of Development

2-7 Years | Develops language, but very egocentric. Difficulty understanding conservation and logic.

Concrete Operation Stage of Development

7-11 Years | Thinks more logically about concrete events, Understands conservation

Formal Operation Stage of Development

11+ | Develops abstract thinking, more thoughts of future and morals

Information Processing Theory

Thinking is a way to process information, mind works similar to a computer

Sociocultural

People are inseparable from their cultural beliefs, experiences, and evironment

Sociocultural Systems Theory

Lev Vygotsky | Looks at how children learn from one generation to another. Formal (school
) and Informal (family) social contacts teach kids about their culture and how to belong.

Zone of Proximal Development

{Can’t do even with assistance[Can do with Assistance(Can do alone)]}

Boofenbrenners Bioecological Systems theory

People are embedded in and surrounded by a series of contexts, all which may influence each other.

Individual

Persons genetics, psyche, personality

Microsystem

Immediate physical/social environment, included people

Mesosystem

Relations among the microsystem

Exosystem

Settings a person may not be immediately contributing in, but still influences life
(Governors agencies, Extended Family)

Macrosystem

Greater social context, culture

Chronosystem

Change overtime

Open Ended Interview

Particpiants can freely express their thoughts and experiences

Structured Interview

List of questions for participants, but participants may still freely answer

Questionnaire

Set of questions that are usually multiple choice

Structure Observations

Observations made in a controlled environment

Physiological Measures

Measures of physiological things, like heartbeat and sweat, that may show cognition and emotion

Cross Sectional Research

Comparing groups at different ages at the same time

Sequential Study

Multiple groups at different ages, measured over time