ACS 2 Task A,B, & C: Instruments

What do you do when you suspect Icing?

• Pitot heat on, Alt air if needed

• Turn around, decend or accend, notify ATC

• Make sure to disengage Autopilot

What autopilot mode for ascending?

(VS) Vertical Speed

What autopilot mode for descending?

(PIT) Pitch

What 2 readings do we get from our pitot mast?

• Ram air

• Static air

Explain what our Ram air does and how it could fail

• Ram air goes into the ADC and helps compute IAS

• If blocked by ice use pitot heat. If blocked by other means, good luck

• When blocked the IAS will act like an altimeter

Explain what our Static air does and how it could fail

• Static air goes into ADC to compute IAS, Altitude, & VSI,

• When blocked airspeed will be slightly off, altimer wont move, VSI at 0

• Use alternate static to fix, just be weary to turn AC and/or heat off, also expect higher numbers than usual

Explain what our AHRS system does and what it does when it fails

• Attitude and Heading reference system

• Pulls attitude information from 3 solid state gyros and acceleration

• Pulls heading information from magnetometer from right wing

• When it fails, Giant Red X’s

Explain what our ADC does and what it does when it fails

• Pulls Information from the pitot static system

• Computes airspeed, altitude, VSI, ground speed, and temperature

• When failure, puts red x’s

PFD info, backup and how it’s powered

• Gets its display info from ADC and AHRS

• Holds NAV1 and COM1

• If black, then use revisionary mode (red button)

• On both Essential and Emergency Bus’s

MFD info, backup, and how its powered

• Holds info from GEA71 for engine stuff

• Holds reference map for nav and traffic avoidence

• Holds NAV2 and COM2

• Backup g5 or Aspen?

• On the Essential bus through the Avionics bus

Standby info and how its powered

• Doesn’t use info from ADC and AHRS

• On both Essential and Emergency Bus’s

ADSB when to use and how its powered

• Class B and Class C and above the shelfs

• Within a mode C veil

• Class E at and above 10,000’ MSL

• Class E at and above 3,000 on the coast

• Just on the Essential Bus

Magnetic compass Deviation

90 270 - Accelteration

360 180 - Turning Errors

What does VOR stand for?

VHF Omnidirectional Range

What must you do before tracking a VOR to make sure it works?

Listen to the morse or look for green text on G1000

VOR Info and Limitations

• 10deg full scale deflection

• Cone of confusion

• Reverse Sensing

• Requires line of sight

VOR MON

VOR Minimum Operational Network

• Ensures that there is a MON airport <100nm from any location in the CONUS

§91.171 VOR Reciever Tests

+-4 From

• VOT

• Repair stations

• Ground Checkpoints

• Dual VOR check

+-6 From

• In the air

§91.171 VOR Sign Off

DEPS

Where can I find the Standard VOR Service Volumes

AIM 1-1-8

Do I care about VOR service volumes on a V or T airway

no lol

How do VOR’s work?

They send 1 omnidirectional signal, then a 2nd signal that sends each individual degree on a delayed time, and the time in between signal 1 and 2 shows the radial the aircraft is tracking

What does DME stand for?

Distance Measuring Equipment

How does a DME work?

The DME calculates how long a signal takes to get to a DME Receiver and back and gives you SLANT distance

Can you use GPS in leu of DME

Yes, and even a NDB as well

Can you recieve DME from a VORTAC

Yeah, civilians get the dumbed down VORTAC with only VOR and DME

What distance makes DME slant distance negligible

1nm every 1000’ of height

When do you need DME (or GPS sub)

• When it is required on any IAP

• When you are above FL240

What is a NDB

A beacon that you need a ADF to point towards

What is a Compass Locator

A low powered NDB

AIM 1-1-9 What is a Localizer?

• Ground equipment to give lateral guidance to a runway using 150hz and 90hz frequencies

AIM 1-1-9 Service Area of a localizer?

• Usually 5deg of sensitivity for a full deflection (whatever makes the approach end of runway 700’ of senstivity)

• 35deg from the runway within 10nm (70deg total)

• 10deg from the runway within 18nm (20deg total)

AIM 1-1-9 What is a Glide Slope?

• Provides Vertical Guidance using 150hz and 90hz frequencies

• Typicality provides 3deg decent (Unless published otherwise)

AIM 1-1-9 Service Area of a Glide Slope?

• 10nm within airport

• Only gives 1.4deg of deflection (0.7deg each)

• Can give false reading on false glideslope above the actual glideslope

What is a OM

Outer Marker

• Blue

• Dashes

• Shows the range in which you should intercept the glide slope

What is a MM

Middle Marker

• Yellow

• Dots & Dashes

• Shows the range where you should meet your DA

What is a IM

Inner Marker

• White

• Dashes

• Barely exist anymore

• Between MM and Runway threshold

• For DH on CAT II Approaches

What is a BC

Back course marker

• White

• Marker on the Backcourse

• Shows FAF on Backcourse

What is ALS

Approach Lighting System

How can we tell what Approach Lighting is at our destination?

It will be at the top or in the Airport Diagram on a IAP

How do we turn on this lighting at a non controlled airport?

• 7 mic presses High

• 5 mic presses Mid

• 3 mic presses Low

§ 91.175 What Visuals allow us to descend to the runway in IFR? (10 Things)

• Approach lighting (Note: Need red terminating bars to go below 100AGL)

• Threshold

• Threshold Markings

• Threshold Lights

• Runway and Identifier Lights

• Visual Glideslope Indicator

• Touchdown zone and/or markings

• Touchdown zone lights

• Runway and/or markings

• Runway lights

AIM 2-1-1 Non-Precission ALS Lengths

2400’ - 3000’

AIM 2-1-1 Precission ALS Lengths

1400’ - 1500’

What is RNAV and it’s types

Area Navigation

• GNSS

• VOR/DME

• DME/DME

• IRU/IRS

What is GPS

Global Positioning System

• The US system of GNSS

• Uses satellite radio waves to calculate position

• 3 for 2d, 4 for 3d, 5 for baro RAIM, 6 for RAIM

What are the 3 different GPS segments

• Space (Satellite)

• Control (Ground Stations)

• User (Reciever)

What is RAIM

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

• Takes and compares Satellite position data and discards faulty satellites

What is WAAS

Wide Area Augmentation System

• US subcatagory of SBAS

• Uses surveyed ground stations to measure inaccuracies from satellites, shoots those inaccuracies to Master Stations which make a code to send to geostationary satellites to send back to our airline to correct for satellite inaccuracies

What is SBAS

Sailite Based Augmentation System

• WAAS for other folk

What is FMS

Flight Management System

• Your aircraft's flight management system

• Can be used to plug in routes, departures and approaches to follow using on board GNSS

• Needs to consistently updated for IFR flight

INOP Equipment Checklist

• No MEL

• Type Certificate Data Sheet

• Kinds of equipment list

• 91.205

• AD

What must you do with INOP Eqipment

• Removed from aircraft, placarded, and recorded in maintenance

or

• Deactivated and placarded INOP. (if maintenance required then needs recorded)

What is a HSI

Horizontal Situation Indicator

What is a RMI

Radio Magnetic Indicator