HUM 102 - Philippine Pop Culture and Pre-Colonial History

Vocabulary flashcards covering theories of culture, characteristics of popular culture, pre-colonial social hierarchy, oral literature, tattoos, architecture, and clothing from HUM 102.

Philippine (Popular Culture Component)

Refers to the archipelago consisting of 7,641 islands.

Popular (Popular Culture Component)

Arbitrary, meaning based on one's choice or an individual's choice.

Culture (Popular Culture Component)

Ways of life, encompassing customs, traditions, beliefs, manners, language, and art.

Regionalization

The concept by which Philippine popular culture is divided.

Alexander Moscovis' Characteristics of Popular Culture

Culture associated with commercial products and paraphernalia, developing from local to global levels, with widespread consumer access, and constantly changing and evolving.

Globalization

The connection between countries.

Westernization

Adopting to Western societies.

Technologies (in Popular Culture)

Tools that can transfer cultures quickly.

Characteristics of Culture

Culture is learned, shared (e.g., bayanihan), symbolic (e.g., Philippine Flag, Jeepneys), integrated, and dynamic.

Individualism vs. Collectivism

An idea examining how civilizations prioritize individual needs over group needs; individualistic cultures place a premium on personal autonomy and rights, whereas collectivist societies prioritize group harmony, social cohesiveness, and communal benefit.

Ecological System Theory

Proposed by Urie Bronferbrenner; examines how several environmental systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem) influence an individual's development and relationship with their circumstances.

Urie Bronferbrenner

The theorist who proposed the Ecological System Theory.

Microsystem

An environmental system in Bronferbrenner's theory illustrated by parental influence on language, where children learn Filipino and local dialects at home before other languages.

Exosystem

An environmental system in Bronferbrenner's theory illustrated by Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) family impact, where a child's development is influenced by a parent working abroad.

Macrosystem

An environmental system in Bronferbrenner's theory reflected in cultural values within laws, such as respect for elders seen in the Expanded Senior Citizens Act.

Cultural Ecology

A theory by Julian Steward looking at how cultural practices and institutions adapt to environmental conditions and challenges, exploring how human societies change surroundings and how environmental factors influence cultural customs.

Julian Steward

The theorist who proposed Cultural Ecology.

Social Identity Theory

Developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner; examines how people categorize themselves and others into social groups, studying the impact of group affiliations on self-esteem and intergroup relationships.

Henri Tajfel and John Turner

The theorists who developed Social Identity Theory.

Eco-Cultural Theory

Formulated by John Berry; combines aspects of ecological systems theory and cultural ecology to study how environmental settings and cultural practices combine to shape human behavior and development.

John Berry

The theorist who proposed Eco-Cultural Theory.

Socio Cultural Theory

Linked to Lev Vygotsky; emphasizes the importance of social interactions and cultural practices/tools on cognitive development.

Lev Vygotsky

The theorist linked to Socio Cultural Theory.

Structure - Agency Theory

Explores the balance between societal structures (laws, norms, institutions) and individual agency (the potential to act independently), examining how humans manage and question structural limits.

Multiple Worlds Theory

Proposes that people live in multiple social and cultural worlds simultaneously, each with its own set of standards and values, exploring how humans handle tensions between these realities.

Barangay

The smallest political unit in pre-colonial Philippines, consisting of 30 to 100 families and led by the Datu.

Datu

The supreme leader of a barangay who dealt with wars and contained a council of leaders.

Rajah

A pre-colonial leader located near shores.

Gat

The colonial elite class described as knowledgeable and enlightened, exemplified by Jose Rizal.

Maharlika

Well-respected pre-colonial warriors who could move from one barangay to another, held the same rights as Timawa, and paid taxes differently or did not pay taxes.

Umalohokan

Pre-colonial town criers responsible for creating awareness about policies, new laws, and other public information.

Timawa

Pre-colonial commoners (coloners) who were related or next to the datu, made their own weapons, and paid less tax than usual because they protected communities.

Aliping Namamahay

A class at the bottom of the pre-colonial social hierarchy who had rights and freedom, served as slaves inside the mansion, and could be married.

Aliping Sagigilid

A class at the bottom of the pre-colonial social hierarchy who lived outside the house of their master, served unpaid, could not make decisions about their lives without their master, and could not marry without approval.

Darangen

An epic poem containing 72,000 lines about the Maranao people and Mindanao culture.

Hinilawod

An epic about a goddess who married a mortal man, filled with wars, love, and the origin of people.

Biag ni Lam-ang

An example of a pre-colonial oral literature epic centered on heroes.

Lapu-Lapu

A commander present in war at a very old age who was not on the front line and possessed daya-daya tattoos.

Labid

A traditional Maharlika tattoo featuring visible lines on the arms and legs.

Ablay

A Maharlika tattoo located on the shoulders with badges that symbolize money power.

Dubdub

A Maharlika tattoo located on the chest with badges that symbolize money power.

Daya-Daya / Tagur

A Maharlika tattoo featuring patterns going down the arms and ringline, worn by datus and rajahs (warriors).

Bahay Kubo

The very first architecture in the Philippines, built to overcome weather conditions such as heat.

Golden Dresses / Accessories (Pre-Colonial)

Traditional attire worn to cancel out bad spirits, based on the ancestral belief that holes in the body are evil spirits.

Bahag

A significant part of Philippine identity that led the Spanish to label Filipinos as 'Barbarians' because they wore only bahag and attacked without defense due to their attire.