AP Lang vocab 4

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narrative

Telling a story or recounting an event/series of events

onomatopoeia

A figure of speech where sounds are represented by words that imitate the sounds themselves (boom, crash, bang, etc.)

oxymoron

The author groups apparently contradictory terms to form a paradox. (jumbo shrimp, cruel kindness, etc.)

paradox

Appears to be contradictory but has some truth or validity once you look closer at it

parallelism

grammatical or rhetorical organization of sentences, words, phrases, or paragraphs that cause them to have structural similarity

parody

A work that imitates the style of another in a comedic or mocking way. As a comedy, it exaggerates features of the original work, and as ridicule, it takes characteristics or phrases from the original to highlight its weaknesses.

pedantic

describes something as overly scholarly or academic

periodic sentence

central meaning is at the end of the sentence. It is preceded by a clause that cannot stand alone.

personification

A figure of speech that gives human qualities to things that aren't human.

point of view

1.) First person

• narrator mainly uses first-person pronouns (“I”,”me”,”my”)

• the narrator is a character in the story

2.) Third person

• narrator mainly uses third person pronouns (“he”,”she”,”they”)

• Omnicient - the narrator is all-knowing, and can talk about how any character thinks or feels about something

• limited omnicient - narrator only knows and presents the thoughts and feelings of one character, while only presenting the actions of the others

predicate adjectives

an adjective or group of adjectives that follows a linking verb.

ex: “My boyfriend is super handsome and smart!” “handsome and smart” describes “boyfriend” and is linked with the verb “is”

predicate nominative

a noun or group of nouns that renames the subject. It also follows the linking verb.

ex: “Abe Lincoln was a man of integrity” the nomitive is “man of integrity,” which renames “Abe Lincoln” and is linked by the verb “is”

prose

refers to fiction and nonfiction that are written to closely resemble ordinary speech. Does not include drama or poetry.

repetition

the reuse of sounds, words, phrases, clauses, sentences, or grammatical patterns. Intentional repetition usually emphasizes an idea or theme in the work.

rhetoric

describes principles of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.

rhetorical appeal

1.) Logos

• logical reasoning

• clear idea(s) with strong examples and evidence

2.) Ethos

• credibility

• sets up believability in the writer (they can be trusted with the readers best interests)

3.) Pathos

• emotions and interests

• uses the reader’s sympathy to the writer’s advantage

rhetorical modes

1.) exposition

• explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion

2.) argumentation

• proves the validity of an idea or point of view using sound reasoning, thoughtful discussion, and insightful argument

3.) description

• recreate or visually present something or someone so the reader can picture waht is being described.

4.) narration

• tell a story or narrate an event/series of events (often uses descriptive wiritng)

Rhetorical question

A question asked for effect or to prove a point; it does not need a real answer

sarcasm

bitter language that is meant to ridicule or hurt someone or something. Can use irony, but not all irony is sarcasm.