Muscle Groups

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

These muscles act to move the thoracic limb, support the trunk, or move the head and mouth

*Superficial pectoral

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

*Deep pectoral

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

*Brachiocephalicus

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

Omotransversarius

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

*Trapezius

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

Rhomboideus

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

*Latissimus dorsi

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

*Serratus ventralis

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

Sternocephalicus

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

Platysma

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

*Temporalis

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

*Masseter

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

Digastricus

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

Mylohyoideus

Extrinsic muscles and those of the head and neck

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

These muscles work to flex or extend either the shoulder joint, the elbow, or the carpus. A small number work to provide rotational motion. 

Deltoideus

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

*Infraspinatus

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

*Supraspinatus

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

*Subscapularis

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Teres major

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

*Triceps brachii

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

*Biceps brachii

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Brachialis

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Brachioradialis

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

*Extensor carpi radialis

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Common digital extensor

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Lateral digital extensor

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Extensor Carpi ulnaris

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Abductor pollicis longus

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Flexor carpi radialis

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Superficial digital flexor

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Deep digital flexor

Intrinsic muscles of the foreleg

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Pelvic limb muscles work to extend or flex the joints of the pelvic limb; they can also abduct and adduct the limb; abdominal muscles stabilize and help move the spinal column (along with the epaxials). 

Tensor fascia latae

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

superficial gluteal

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Middle gluteal

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Deep gluteal

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

*Biceps femoris

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

*Semitendinosus

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

*Semimembranosus

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

*Sartorius

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

*Gracilis

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

*Pectineus

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Adductor

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

*Quadriceps femoris

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Cranial tibial

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Long digital extensor

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Peroneus longus

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

*Gastrocnemius

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Superficial digital flexor

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Deep digital flexor

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Popliteus

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

External abdominal oblique

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Internal abdominal oblique

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Transversus abdominis

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Head and Neck 

Muscles of the head and neck control facial expressions, enable chewing, move sensory structures such as eyes and ears. They support the head and allow the neck to flex, extend, and move laterally.

Temporalis

closes mouth when chewing

Masseter

Elevates the mandible to close mouth when chewing

Brachiocephalicus

Pulls limb forward, extends shoulder

Trapezius

Elevates/abducts the limb

Latissimus dorsi

Draws limb caudally, flexes shoulder

Temporalis

Head and Neck 

Masseter

Head and Neck 

Brachiocephalicus

Head and Neck 

Trapezius

Head and Neck 

Latissimus dorsi

Head and Neck 

Pectorails major - aka superficial pectoral

Muscles of the ventral thorax

Pectoralis minor - aka deep pectoral

Muscles of the ventral thorax

*Rectus abdominus

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

*Lumbar epaxials

Muscles of the Pelvic Limb and Abdomen

Biceps brachii

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Brachiocephalicus

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Extensor Carpi Radialis

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Infraspinatus

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Latissimus dorsi

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Serratus Ventralis

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Deep pectoral

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Superficial pectoral

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Supraspinatus

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Trapezius

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Triceps Brachii* (Primary extensor of the thoracic limb)

Muscles of the Thoracic Limb 

Biceps femoris*

Muscles of the Pelvic limb 

Gastrocnemius

Muscles of the Pelvic limb 

Gracilis

Muscles of the Pelvic limb 

Sartorius

Muscles of the Pelvic limb 

Pectineus

Muscles of the Pelvic limb 

Semimembranosus*

Muscles of the Pelvic limb 

Semitendinosus*

Muscles of the Pelvic limb 

Quadriceps femoris*

Muscles of the Pelvic limb 

Gluteal group

Muscles of the Pelvic limb 

Quadriceps femoris groups

Vastus lateralis 

Vastus medius

Rectus femoris

Gluteal groups

Middle gluteal 

Superficial gluteal 

Caudofemoralis

External intercostal

Muscles of respiration

Internal intercostal

Muscles of respiration

Head and neck - injection sites 

spinal column ventrally, the nuchal ligament dorsally, and the cranial border of the scapula caudally. 

Vessels for routine sample collection

External jugular vein

Vessels for routine sample collection

Paired femoral artery and vein

Vessels for routine sample collection

Cephalic vein and accessory cephalic vein