Carbohydrates and Lipids Quiz Flashcards

What is the formula for a monosaccharide?

C6H12O6

What is the function of a monosaccharide?

to be used as a quick and easy source of energy

Name something that is NOT a monosaccharide

Lactose

When monosaccharides are linked through ____, it makes a disaccharide and ____water

dehydration synthesis, produces

Statements that are TRUE about disaccharides:

-Their formula is C12H22O11

-Enzymes are helpers needed for the reaction that makes disaccharides

-Lactose is a disaccharide nicknamed "milk sugar" because it is found in dairy products

All of the TRUE statements about starch:

-it is a polysaccharide found in plants

-it is used to store excess energy

-all of the oxygen bridges between its glucose molecules go down, so the chain ends up twirly in shape

-it is made of a long chain of glucose molecules

Polysaccharides that plants have:

• Cellulose

• Starch

Polysaccharides that animals have:

• Chitin

• Glycogen

All of the TRUE statements about cellulose

-it is a polysaccharide found in plants

-it is used to build cell walls

-the oxygen bridges between its glucose molecules go up and down, creating a straight chain that is perfect for building things since they can be "glued" together easily

-it is made of a long chain of glucose molecules

TRUE statements about carbohydrates

-the simplest ones are called monosaccharides

-they include sugars and starches

The 4 classes of macromolecules

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

Unsaturated triglyceride

• Not ‘full’ of hydrogen

• Has carbon to carbon bonds

• The fatty acid chains are bent

Saturated triglyceride

• Chock full of hydrogen

• The fatty acid chains are straight

• Has no double bonds (carbon to carbon)

What lipid is solid at room temperature?

Fat

What lipid is liquid at room temperature?

Oils

Why is water used in hydrolysis?

To complete the carbon molecule

How many bonds can a carbon atom make?

Four

How many bonds can a hydrogen atom make?

One

How many bonds can an oxygen atom make?

Two

What are carbohydrates?

Simple sugars and complex sugars

Monosaccharide:

Simple Sugar (C6H12O6)

Disaccharides:

Joining of two monosaccharides

Polysaccharides:

• Complex Carb

• Long chain of monosaccharides

Starches

• Found in plants

• Coils up into spiral

• Used to store excess glucose (energy)

Plant Cellulose

• Found in cell wall of plants

• Used as support structures

• Long chain

Glycogen

• Animal version of starch

• Stored in muscles and liver

Chitin

• Makes up exoskeletons

• If calcium is added to it, it becomes a harder shell like in crustaceans

Triglycerides

Formed from dehydration synthesis of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol