Physical Geology Running Water

Cutbanks occur along the outer curves of meandering streams because of __________

erosion by stream water

The river with the world's largest discharge is the __________

Amazon

The main influences on a river's discharge are __________

rainfall amount and size of the drainage basin

If the sea level drops or the land rises, the base level for rivers and streams will __________

lower

How does urbanization (e.g. paving and buildings) impact runoff and infiltration in a small, previously undeveloped drainage basin?

runoff increases and infiltration decreases

The area of land drained by a stream is the __________

drainage basin

Streams with a faster velocity have a higher competence. True or False

True

What is infiltration?

water soaking into the ground

What percentage of Earth's water is in the form of seawater?

97.2%

Which of the following variables will be greatest at the headwaters of a stream and least at the mouth of the stream?

gradient

Which part of a stream's sediment load moves most slowly?

Bed Load

During what periods would streams see the greatest erosion and transportation of sediment?

Floods

A ________ stream consists of a complex network of converging and diverging channels that weave around channel bars.

Braided stream

What is base level?

The downward limit of erosion

When precipitation falls, water may not immediately soak in, run off, or evaporate. True or False

True

Running water is the single most important erosional agent sculpting Earth's land surface. True or False

True

As stream velocity slows, the smallest particles get deposited first. True or False

False

Point bars are locations where erosion occurs whereas cutbanks are locations where deposition occurs. True or False

False

Run off

velocity, in straight, smooth channels

fastest in middle

Gaging Station

measures velocity in rivers.

record discharge- volume of water passes by a certain amount of time

As more water flows through river, it gets deeper, wider, and faster True or False

True

Base level

deepest level that can be eroded to

Resistant bed cause local base level (may cause waterfalls)

Reservoir trap sediment

stream erosion

quarrying, abrasion, and drilling(potholes and vortex)

How does streams transport sediment

Dissolved load, suspended load, bed load

Braided Stream

A stream or river that is composed of multiple channels that divide and rejoin around sediment bars(woven into each other)

Floodplains

Use for flooding when rivers exceed maximum height it flows into floodplains

Alluvial fans

a semi circle shape, river in a valley drops into a flat canyon, dropping sediment in different areas

Deltas

Flows through channels, causing many small channels together. Look like the Greece delta shape

Meanders

A winding, looping curve in the course of a river on soft, flat flood plain.

Oxbow Lake

Oxbow Lake: neck curve of a river is more toward one another. New river is made

Entrenched meanders

incised river meanders excavated deeply into the landscape, rejuvenation

Drainage basins

areas of land that are drained by major rivers and streams. water sheds

Dendritic

tree branches shape. branches in different directions

Radial

Volcano shape, downward look on all sides

Rectangular

joints, angular turns

Trellis

form laterally, cuts in different directions

Annular

structural dome, bows eye of ridges

surrounds a certain area

Headward erosion

Dendritic get longer, increases the rivers and streams. river are older then mountains