Lecture Note questions (CH 6-7 ppt) THANK YOU LOGAN
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247 Terms
What is republicanism?
The concept that ultimate political authority is vested in the citizens of the nation.
When was the original U.S. Federal Government born?
With the Treaty of Paris (1783).
What does the "republican experiment" suggest about people's interests?
People's best interests can overlap and interfere with others' best interests.
What problem can arise from yes or no questions?
They can raise bias.
What does "artificial status is contrary to republican principles" mean?
Social or economic advantages shouldn't place anyone above others in a republic.
What is an example of artificial status in modern society?
The Kardashians being born into wealth and privilege.
What does the phrase "all men are created equal" mean under U.S. laws?
No citizen is above the law, and everyone is subject to prosecution.
What real-world case demonstrates that no citizen is above the law?
O.J. Simpson's murder trial and legal consequences.
What socio-economic factor did John Adams address in the Boston Massacre trial?
He undermined the name of the mob to protect due process.
What defense strategy was used in O.J. Simpson's trial?
His lawyer argued that the glove found didn't fit him.
What was O.J. Simpson's defense team called?
The "Dream Team."
What is a power paradigm?
The way a power structure affects how circumstances play out.
Give examples of different power paradigms.
Teacher power paradigm, socioeconomic power paradigm, gender power paradigm, celebrity power paradigm.
Name three figures who represent the celebrity power paradigm.
Donald Trump, O.J. Simpson, Ronald Reagan.
Why was O.J. Simpson found guilty of armed robbery later on?
His artificial status of money and fame was gone.
What two key words in the Pledge of Allegiance connect to republican values?
"Republic" and "Indivisible."
Why is "indivisible" seen as hypocritical today?
The U.S. is divided through politics and lies.
What modern examples show division and violence?
Springfield & Trump rally violence.
What are hasty generalizations?
False assumptions that apply a minority's behavior to an entire population.
Why are hasty generalizations dangerous?
They are often bigoted and spread false narratives.
What caused Shays' Rebellion?
Poor armed farmers were being heavily taxed and threatened to seize weapons in Springfield, Massachusetts.
What did Shays' Rebellion reveal about the Articles of Confederation?
The federal government was too weak to maintain order or tax effectively.
What was the first U.S. federal government framework?
The Articles of Confederation.
What major power did the Articles of Confederation deny the national government?
The power to tax.
How many branches of government existed under the Articles of Confederation?
One branch (Congress).
What was the Newburgh Conspiracy?
A near collapse of the American army after the Revolutionary War due to unpaid soldiers and no government funds.
Who intervened to stop the Newburgh Conspiracy?
George Washington.
What did the Philadelphia Convention accomplish?
It replaced the Articles of Confederation with the U.S. Constitution.
Who was elected president of the convention?
George Washington.
Why was George Washington chosen to lead the convention?
He had a mild approach to politics and was respected.
What does "bicameral" mean?
Two houses in Congress.
What are the two houses of Congress?
The Senate (upper house) and the House of Representatives (lower house).
How is representation divided in the Senate?
Two senators per state.
How is representation divided in the House of Representatives?
Based on the population of each state.
What are the three branches of U.S. government?
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.
How long do members of each branch serve?
Legislative (upper 6 years/lower 2 years), Executive (4 years), Judicial (lifetime).
What was the 3/5 Compromise?
An agreement that every five enslaved people would count as three residents for representation.
Why was the 3/5 Compromise dehumanizing?
It treated enslaved individuals as partial persons instead of full citizens.
How can power structures influence outcomes in society?
Through power paradigms that shape how situations unfold.
What is the teacher power paradigm?
A dynamic where teachers hold authority over students in classroom settings.
What is the socioeconomic power paradigm?
When wealth or class status affects a person's level of influence or treatment.
What is the gender power paradigm?
Power differences and expectations based on gender roles.
What is the celebrity power paradigm?
When fame or public image affects how someone is treated or judged by society and the law.
How did O.J. Simpson's status affect his first trial?
His wealth and fame helped him gain strong legal representation and public sympathy.
Why was O.J. Simpson's later robbery trial outcome different from his murder trial?
His fame and fortune had faded, removing his artificial advantage.
How does the phrase "republic and indivisible" in the Pledge of Allegiance relate to American ideals?
It emphasizes unity and shared national values under a republic.
How is the meaning of "indivisible" challenged in modern times?
Political and social divisions make the country less unified.
What does comparing modern America to the 1960s suggest?
That similar tensions and divisions still exist today.
What event symbolizes modern political unrest and division?
Violence at Springfield and Trump rallies.
What do hasty generalizations often lead to?
Stereotypes and unfair treatment of entire groups.
How can hasty generalizations create division?
By spreading false or exaggerated claims about certain populations.
Why did farmers rebel during Shays' Rebellion?
Because they were poor, heavily taxed, and felt unfairly treated by the government.
Where did Shays' Rebellion take place?
In western Massachusetts, near Springfield.
What did Shays' Rebellion reveal about the U.S. government at the time?
That the Articles of Confederation created a weak central authority.
What problem did the Articles of Confederation cause for the military after the Revolutionary War?
Soldiers went unpaid because Congress lacked taxing power.
What was George Washington's role in the Newburgh Conspiracy?
He intervened to prevent a potential military revolt against Congress.
What was the main goal of the Philadelphia Convention?
To revise the Articles of Confederation but instead create a new Constitution.
Why did delegates trust George Washington to lead the convention?
He was neutral, respected, and symbolized unity.
What does the term "bicameral legislature" describe?
A lawmaking body divided into two chambers.
How did the framers of the Constitution balance small and large state power?
By creating equal representation in the Senate and population-based representation in the House.
What was the structure of government created by the Constitution?
Three branches with checks and balances.
Why did the framers make judicial appointments lifetime positions?
To keep judges independent from political pressure.
How long is a presidential term in the United States?
Four years.
What purpose did the 3/5 Compromise serve?
To determine how enslaved people counted toward a state's population for representation and taxation.
What was the moral issue with the 3/5 Compromise?
It treated enslaved people as less than full humans.
How did the Philadelphia Convention change the U.S. government's power?
It gave the federal government more authority and the power to tax.
Why was balancing state influence important in forming the Constitution?
To prevent larger states from dominating smaller ones.
What film did Donald Trump make a cameo appearance in?
Home Alone 2: Lost in New York.
What do modern supporters of the Confederate flag often claim the Civil War was about?
Taxes on northern goods, not slavery.
Why is the claim that the Civil War wasn't about slavery false?
The goods being taxed were produced through slave labor.
What false argument do some supporters make about how slaves were treated?
They claim slaves were treated like family in the South.
What does "sweated out the Articles of Confederation" mean?
A metaphor for delegates enduring the summer heat while replacing the Articles of Confederation at the Philadelphia Convention.
What does Section 2, Article IV of the Constitution state about slavery?
It prohibited assistance to runaway enslaved people.
What were "slave fugitives"?
Enslaved people who escaped bondage seeking freedom.
What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
A law that planned new states in the Northwest Territory and banned slavery north of the Ohio River.
What influenced the slave compromise in the Constitution?
The Northwest Ordinance's restriction of slavery in northern territories.
Who were Maroons?
African slaves who escaped and formed independent communities in the Americas.
Who was Hercules in relation to George Washington?
Washington's enslaved chef who successfully escaped from him.
What does the phrase "from 'can't' until can't" mean?
Slaves worked from sunrise to sunset.
Who were overseers on plantations?
People who monitored enslaved workers and enforced discipline.
Who invented the steam engine that later aided cotton production?
Thomas Newcomen.
Who applied the steam engine concept to improve cotton cleaning?
Eli Whitney.
What was the difference between long-staple and short-staple cotton?
Long-staple cotton had large, easy-to-remove seeds; short-staple had small, sticky seeds that were hard to remove.
How did Eli Whitney's cotton gin affect slavery?
It caused slavery to spread to southwestern states like Louisiana and Mississippi.
Why did the North become economically dependent on the South?
Northern industries relied on Southern slave labor and cotton production.
What were the top three international trade markets in the late 1700s to early 1800s?
1st Britain, 2nd France, 3rd Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal.
Why were pirates common in North and South Africa?
Poor nations targeted U.S. ships for resources and ransom money.
What is an example of modern piracy similar to historical cases?
The Maersk Alabama hijacking in 2009.
What often happened when ships were hijacked?
Crews were held for ransom.
What does the term "white slaves" in North Africa refer to?
U.S. merchants who became enslaved after ransom negotiations failed.
How did some slave masters justify slavery?
They claimed their skin color made them superior and chosen by God.
What did the Tripoli ambassadors tell Thomas Jefferson?
That capturing U.S. merchants was justified because God allowed it.
What caused the First Barbary War (1801-1805)?
The Barbary states demanded $250,000 ransom for captured U.S. merchants, leading to war.
What major European event affected trade during this period?
The French Revolution of 1789.
What did Queen Marie Antoinette's spending habits lead to?
Increased taxes and public anger.
What was the result of France's economic crisis under King Louis XVI?
A revolution that overthrew the monarchy.
How were King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette executed?
By guillotine.
Why did European monarchies fear the French Revolution?
They worried rebellions would spread to their own countries.
What form of government replaced France's monarchy?
The First Republic.
How did France and Britain affect U.S. merchants during their wars?
They captured American sailors to force them into military service.