check off

heparin function

prevents new blood clots from forming and keeps existing clots from getting larger

heparin mechanism

slows body’s clotting process so blood is less likely to form

heparin/insulin

have other nurse verify dosage

heparin allergies

specifically to heparin or pork/porcine

heparin assessment

active bleeding, unusual bruising, nosebleed, bleeding gums, blood in urine, black/blood stool

after heparin injection

apply gentle pressure if needed but do not rub or massage the site; reassess for bleeding, bruising, and other adverse reactions

patient education for heparin

mild bruising can occur but report unusual bleeding, large bruises, bleeding gums, blood in urine, or black stools; avoid activities that can cause injury

insulin function

lowers blood glucose by helping glucose move from blood to cells

before giving insulin

check blood glucose level, assess for signs of low blood glucose, complete three med checks and five med rights, verify insulin dose w another nurse

subcutaneous injection sites

abdomen, back of upper arm, thigh

insulin side effects

shaky, sweaty, weak, confused, or any unusual symptoms

insulin allergies

any allergies to insulin, ingredients in insulin products and any previous reactions to insulin

insulin education after injection

report signs of low blood sugar, rotate injection sites, and eat meals as directed

pneumonia vax function

helps protect against pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections by teaching immune system to recognize bacteria

pneumonia vaccine allergies

allergic reaction to previous pneumona vax, assess for fever or current illness

patient education before pneumonia vax

explain that soreness, redness, or swelling can happen afterward

patient education after pneumonia vax

expect mild soreness, redness, swelling; seek immediate help for trouble breathing, swelling of face/throat, severe dizziness or other signs of allergic reaction

flu vaccine function

helps prevent influenza and reduces the risk of severe illness

flu vaccine allergies

previous flu vaccine or eggs

inspect deltoid area

for redness, swelling, bruising, or infection

after giving flu vaccine

monitor for allergic reaction

patient education after injection

mild soreness, tiredness, headache can occur, seek immediate help if you have trouble breathing, swelling of face, or other signs of severe allergy

subcutaneous angle

90 degree angle when about two inches of loose fatty tissue can be pinched, 45 degrees when one inch can be pinched

z track technique

pull skin and tissue to side to keep it displaced during IM injection

IM injection site

deltoid muscle, vastus lateralis muscle, ventrogluteal muscle

subcutaneous amount of med

no more than 1.5 mL

subcutaneous needle size

3/8 to 5/8 inch; 22-27 G

insulin needle size

28-31 G

amt of deltoid injection

up to 2mL

IM needle size

1-1.5 inch; 22-25 G

hyperglycemia

blood sugar exceeds 125

150-199 mg/dl of blood glucose

1 insulin unit

200-249 mg/dl

2 insulin unit

250-299 mg/dl

3 insulin units

300-349 mg/dl

4 insulin units

350 mg/dl and above

5 insulin units