atomic structure
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28 Terms
anion
a negatively charged ion
atom
smallest complete particle of matter
atomic number
number of protons inside the nucleus of an atom
cation
a positively charged ion
chemical change
when a new substance forms during a chemical reaction due to bonds breaking and forming
covalent bonding
a shared pair of electrons between two or more non-metal atoms
density
the amount of mass per unit volume
diatomic element
2 atoms of the same element held together by a covalent bond
electrical conductor
a substance which allows charge to flow easily
electron
the negatively charged subatomic particle, found in the shells surrounding the nucleus
electron arrangement
a shorthand notation which symbolises the number of electrons in each electron shell for an atom or ion
ion
a charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons to have a full valence shell and be stable
ionic bonding
an electrostatic force of attraction between cations and anions
ionic compound
a compound made of cations and anions held together by electrostatic attractions called ionic bonds
lustre
how shiny a substance is
malleable
a substance’s ability to be moulded and bent into shape without breaking
mass number
total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
melting point
the temperature at which a substance will change from solid to liquid
metallic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between metal cations and the sea of delocalised valence electrons
neutron
the neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
physical change
a change of state, between solid, liquid or gas, or a change of shape and no new substance is formed
product
the substances that form during a chemical reaction
proton
the positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom
reactant
a substance that takes part in/reacts in a chemical reaction
thermal conductor
a substance which allows heat energy to flow through it easily
valence electron
the electrons found in the outermost electron shell of atoms or ions
valence shell
the outermost electron shell of an atom