Bio201 Axial skeleton

Sutures

Fibrous joints between bones of the skull

Coronal suture

Fibrous joint between parietal bones and frontal bone

Sagittal suture

Fibrous joint between two parietal bones

Lambdoid suture

Fibrous joint between occipital bone and parietal bones

Squamous suture

Fibrous joint between parietal bone and temporal bone

Frontal bone

Shell shaped bone forming the anterior cranium and the superior orbits

Supraorbital foramen/notch

Channel for supraorbital nerve and blood vessels

Glabella

Muscle attachment of the forehead

Parietal bone

Large bones forming most of the superior and lateral aspects of the cranium

Temporal bone

Bones that form the inferolateral aspects of the skull

External acoustic/auditory meatus

Passageway that guides sound waves to the tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Internal acoustic/auditory meatus

Passageway for the Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) carrying hearing and balance impulses

Zygomatic process of temporal bone

Site of muscle attachment (masseter)

Mastoid process

Enlargement posterior to earlobe; attachment site for muscles that move the skull

Styloid process

Attachment site for muscles that move the tongue, throat, and mandible

Stylomastoid foramen

Opening for nerves and blood vessels

Mandibular fossa

Depression on temporal bone articulating with mandible condyle (temporomandibular joint)

Carotid canal

Passageway for internal carotid artery supplying blood to the brain

Jugular foramen

Passageway for jugular vein draining blood from the brain

Occipital bone

Large bone forming most of posterior wall and base of skull

Occipital condyle

Rounded processes articulating with atlas (C1) for head movement

Foramen magnum

Large opening where brain stem extends to connect with spinal cord

Hypoglossal canal

Opening for nerve supplying the tongue muscle

Sphenoid bone

Butterfly shaped keystone bone forming posterior wall of orbits

Greater wing (Sphenoid)

Forms anterior/medial floor of middle cranial fossa

Lesser wing (Sphenoid)

Makes up part of the orbit

Sella turcica

Depression in sphenoid protecting and housing the pituitary gland

Optic canal

Round hole for optic nerve carrying visual information

Foramen rotundum

Sphenoid opening allowing nerves and arteries to pass

Foramen ovale

Sphenoid opening allowing nerves and arteries to pass

Foramen spinosum

Sphenoid opening allowing nerves and arteries to pass

Foramen lacerum

Sphenoid opening allowing nerves and arteries to pass

Ethmoid bone

Deepest skull bone lying between nasal bones and sphenoid

Perpendicular plate

Forms superior nasal septum with vomer and nasal cartilage

Superior nasal concha

Filters and humidifies inhaled air

Middle nasal concha

Filters and humidifies inhaled air

Crista galli

Midline projection holding brain membrane in place ("rooster crest")

Cribriform plate

Flat portion on either side of crista galli where olfactory bulbs lie

Olfactory foramina

Small holes in cribriform plate for olfactory nerves

Frontal sinus

Air-filled cavity in frontal bone reducing skull weight and aiding resonance

Maxillary sinus

Air-filled cavity in maxilla reducing skull weight and aiding resonance

Ethmoid sinus

Air-filled cavity in ethmoid reducing skull weight and aiding resonance

Sphenoid sinus

Air-filled cavity in sphenoid reducing skull weight and aiding resonance

Vomer

Forms inferior nasal septum

Palatine bone (2)

Forms posterior 1/3 of hard palate

Inferior nasal concha (2)

Filters and humidifies inhaled air

Nasal bone (2)

Forms external surface of nose and protects nasal cavity

Mandible

Lower jaw bone enabling chewing and speaking

Coronoid process

Mandibular projection for muscle attachment moving mandible upward

Mandibular condyle/Condylar process

Rounded structure articulating with mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Alveolar process

Ridges on mandible and maxilla forming sockets for teeth

Mandibular foramen

Opening for inferior alveolar nerve supplying gums and teeth

Mental foramen

Opening for mental nerve supplying lower lip and chin

Ramus of Mandible

Vertical portion of mandible

Mandibular angle

Posterior inferior corner of mandible

Maxilla (2)

Upper jaw bone enabling chewing and speaking

Infraorbital foramen

Opening for infraorbital nerve and blood vessels

Palatine process

Anterior 2/3 of hard palate

Lacrimal bone (2)

Supports structures of lacrimal apparatus (tear production)

Nasolacrimal canal

Drains tears into nasal cavity

Zygomatic bone (2)

Cheek bone providing shape and structure to face

Temporal process of zygomatic bone

Site of muscle attachment (masseter)

Zygomatic arch

Bridge formed by temporal and zygomatic processes for muscle/ligament attachment

Hyoid bone

Unattached neck bone inferior to mandible anchoring throat, larynx, and tongue

Cervical vertebrae count

7 (Cervical vertebrae in neck)

Thoracic vertebrae count

12 (thoracic vertebrae are in chest region)

Lumbar vertebrae count

5 (lumbar vertebrae associated with lower back)

Sacral vertebrae count

5 fused (base of spine between lumbar and coccyx)

Coccyx count

3-5 fused (end of vertebrae column)

Body (centrum) of vertebrae (main part)

Thick, cylindrical weight-bearing part of vertebra

Vertebral foramen

Hole for spinal cord and cauda equina

Spinous process

Posterior projection for muscle/ligament attachment

Transverse process

Lateral projection for muscle attachment and thoracic rib articulation

Superior articular process/facet

Site of articulation with adjacent upper vertebra

Inferior articular process/facet

Site of articulation with adjacent lower vertebra

Pedicle

Cylinder projections joining front and back parts of vertebra

Lamina

Posterior roof segment protecting backside of spinal cord

Intervertebral foramen

Opening between adjacent vertebrae for exiting spinal nerves

Atlas (C1)

First cervical vertebra articulating with occipital condyles for "yes" movement

Axis (C2)

Second cervical vertebra featuring dens for "no" rotational movement

Dens

Bony projection on axis around which atlas rotates

Transverse foramen

Openings in cervical vertebrae for vertebral arteries supplying brain

Cervical Vertebrae

has C1, C2, and C7 (most notable but has all C1-C7)

Thoracic vertebrae

Vertebrae articulating with ribs

Lumbar vertebrae

Low back vertebrae bearing most body weight

Sacrum

Five fused vertebrae forming posterior wall of pelvis

Coccyx

Tailbone formed by 3-5 fused vertebrae

Sternum

Breastbone serving as anchor point for clavicles and ribs

Manubrium

Superior bone of sternum attaching to clavicles

Jugular notch

Indentation on superior border of manubrium

Body of Sternum

protects the organs and muscles inside your chest from injury

Xiphoid process

Inferior sternal tip for muscle attachment and CPR landmark

True ribs

Ribs 1-7 (directly attach to sternum via costal cartilage)

False ribs

Ribs 8-12

Floating ribs

Ribs 11-12 (no anterior attachment)

Costal cartilage

Hyaline cartilage attaching ribs to sternum

Head of rib

Articulates with costal facet on body of thoracic vertebra

Tubercle of rib

Articulates with transverse process of thoracic vertebra

Neck of Rib

the flattened, narrow portion of a typical rib that extends laterally from the head to the tubercle

Costal end

Rib end attaching to costal cartilage