Malayang Komunikasyon sa Wikang Filipino - FTRC Handout

Comprehensive review flashcards covering linguistics, grammar, phonology, morphology, syntax, correct word usage, and Philippine literature based on the Falculan Twins' Review Center lecture materials.

Wika (Henry Gleason)

A systematic framework of spoken sounds arbitrarily chosen and arranged to be used by members of a culture or society.

Teoryang Bow-wow

The theory asserting that human language originated from imitating the sounds produced by nature.

Teoryang Pooh-pooh

The theory stating that humans first learned to speak through involuntary vocal outcries triggered by intense emotions such as pain, joy, sorrow, fear, or surprise.

Masisidhing Damdamin (Teoryang Pooh-pooh)

Intense emotional states—such as pain (sakit), joy (tuwa), pleasure (sarap), sadness (kalungkutan), fear (takot), and shock (pagkabigla)—that provoke spontaneous vocalizations.

Teoryang Yoheho

The theory positing that human speech originated from the exertion of physical force and manual labor.

A.S. Diamond (sa Berel, 2003)

The linguist who championed the Yoheho theory, believing speech developed as a consequence of physical labor and exertion.

Teoryang Tarara-boom-de-ay

The theory stating that language developed from rhythmic chants and vocalizations produced during ancient tribal rituals that evolved new meanings over time.

Teoryang Ta-ta

The theory proposing that hand gestures and bodily movements made during specific occasions were unconsciously mirrored by the tongue, producing speech.

Teoryang Dingdong

The theory proposing that language originated from the resonant sounds produced by environmental objects, encompassing both natural entities and man-made objects.

Teoryang La-la

The theory asserting that forces related to romance, affection, and love served as the primary motivation driving humans to speak.

Teoryang Mama

The theory suggesting that language arose from the simplest and most accessible syllables associated with the most vital things in human life.

Teoryang Sing Song

The theory proposed by Otto Jespersen asserting that language emerged from play, laughter, whispering, courtship, and emotional outbursts, beginning with long and musical utterances.

Jesperson (Otto Jespersen)

The linguist who proposed the Sing Song theory, arguing that early human speech was inherently long and musical rather than short, clipped outbursts.

Teoryang Coo Coo

The theory positing that language originated from the cooing of infants, which adults imitated to label objects and entities in their surroundings.

Teoryang Babble Lucky

The theory stating that language originated from random, meaningless infant babblings and instinctive human vocalizations.

Teoryang Hocus Pocus

The theory suggesting that language arose from magical incantations and religious rituals practiced in the daily lives of ancient ancestors.

Teoryang Eureka

The theory proposing that language was intentionally invented by early ancestors who assigned arbitrary vocal sounds to represent designated objects.

Tore ng Babel

The biblical account explaining the origin and diversification of human languages in the City of Babel.

Genesis 11:1-9

The biblical chapter and verses documenting the historical narrative of the Tower of Babel and the dispersal of human speech.

Antas ng Wika

Levels of language whose regular usage serves as an effective indicator of a speaker's social background and social standing.

Pormal na Wika

The standard language register recognized, accepted, and utilized by the educated majority, featuring more sophisticated vocabulary than casual conversation.

Pambansa

The formal language sub-register commonly utilized in language textbooks across schools and officially used by the government.

Pampanitikan / Panretorika

The highest formal language sub-register utilized by writers in literary pieces, characterized by lofty, deep, colorful, figurative, and artistic diction.

Ama vs. Haligi ng tahanan

The national standard term (Pambansa) 'Ama' (father) contrasted with its literary, metaphorical equivalent (Pampanitikan) 'Haligi ng tahanan' (pillar of the home).

Ina vs. Ilaw ng tahanan

The national standard term (Pambansa) 'Ina' (mother) contrasted with its literary, metaphorical equivalent (Pampanitikan) 'Ilaw ng tahanan' (light of the home).

Walang Silbi vs. Patay na Tuod

The national standard term (Pambansa) 'Walang Silbi' (useless) contrasted with its literary, metaphorical equivalent (Pampanitikan) 'Patay na Tuod' (dead tree stump).

Nanliligaw vs. Naniningalang pugad

The national standard term (Pambansa) 'Nanliligaw' (courting) contrasted with its literary, metaphorical equivalent (Pampanitikan) 'Naniningalang pugad' (looking up at the nest).

Kuripot vs. Lawit ang pusod

The national standard term (Pambansa) 'Kuripot' (stingy/miserly) contrasted with its literary, metaphorical equivalent (Pampanitikan) 'Lawit ang pusod'.

Impormal na Wika

The informal language register consisting of common, ordinary words used in everyday conversations and correspondence with friends and acquaintances.

Lalawiganin

The informal sub-register used within specific provinces or regions, characterized by distinct local words and unique regional accents (punto).

Punto

The distinctive regional accent, tonal inflection, or melody characteristic of speakers using provincial language (Lalawiganin).

Mainit vs. Mabanas

The standard national term 'Mainit' (hot) paired with its provincial regional equivalent (Lalawiganin) 'Mabanas'.

Ito vs. Ire

The standard national term 'Ito' (this) paired with its provincial regional equivalent (Lalawiganin) 'Ire'.

Dito vs. Dine

The standard national term 'Dito' (here) paired with its provincial regional equivalent (Lalawiganin) 'Dine'.

Kalamansi vs. Kalamunding

The standard national term 'Kalamansi' (calamondin fruit) paired with its provincial regional equivalent (Lalawiganin) 'Kalamunding'.

Magligpit vs. Mag-imis

The standard national term 'Magligpit' (to tidy up or clear away) paired with its provincial regional equivalent (Lalawiganin) 'Mag-imis'.

Asikasuhin vs. Abiarin

The standard national term 'Asikasuhin' (to attend to or manage) paired with its provincial regional equivalent (Lalawiganin) 'Abiarin'.

Kolokyal

The informal language register consisting of everyday conversational words exhibiting slight coarseness or vulgarity, often formed by shortening words.

Pagpapaikli ng mga Salita

The grammatical phenomenon of contracting one, two, or more words into a single unit, characteristic of the colloquial (Kolokyal) register.

Nasa'n

The colloquial (Kolokyal) contraction of the standard national word 'nasaan' (where).

Pa'no

The colloquial (Kolokyal) contraction of the standard national word 'paano' (how).

Sa'kin

The colloquial (Kolokyal) contraction of the standard national phrase 'sa akin' (mine / to me).

Sa'yo

The colloquial (Kolokyal) contraction of the standard national phrase 'sa iyo' (yours / to you).

Kelan

The colloquial (Kolokyal) contraction of the standard national word 'kailan' (when).

Meron

The colloquial (Kolokyal) contraction of the standard national word 'mayroon' (there is / to have).

Balbal

The lowest, highly dynamic language register equivalent to slang, comprising temporary, trendy street words that shift rapidly over time.

Swardspeak

The specific variety of slang (Balbal) utilized within the gay community.

Pakipot vs. Makiyeme

The standard national term 'Pakipot' (playing hard to get) contrasted with its street slang equivalent (Balbal) 'Makiyeme'.

Kotse vs. Tsikot

The standard national term 'Kotse' (car) contrasted with its street slang equivalent (Balbal) 'Tsikot'.

Nanay vs. Ermat

The standard national term 'Nanay' (mother) contrasted with its street slang equivalent (Balbal) 'Ermat'.

Tatay vs. Erpat

The standard national term 'Tatay' (father) contrasted with its street slang equivalent (Balbal) 'Erpat'.

Sigarilyo vs. Yosi

The standard national term 'Sigarilyo' (cigarette) contrasted with its street slang equivalent (Balbal) 'Yosi'.

Kainan vs. Tsibugan

The standard national term 'Kainan' (feast or eating place) contrasted with its street slang equivalent (Balbal) 'Tsibugan'.

Sayawan vs. Yugyugan

The standard national term 'Sayawan' (dancing party) contrasted with its street slang equivalent (Balbal) 'Yugyugan'.

Baril vs. Boga

The standard national term 'Baril' (firearm or gun) contrasted with its street slang equivalent (Balbal) 'Boga'.

Security Guard vs. Sikyo

The standard borrowed term 'Security guard' contrasted with its street slang equivalent (Balbal) 'Sikyo'.

Pulis vs. Lispu

The standard national term 'Pulis' (police) contrasted with its inverted street slang equivalent (Balbal) 'Lispu'.

Barayti ng Wika

The internal variations and distinct forms existing within a particular language system.

Dayalek / Dayalekto

A language variety determined by geographic boundaries, spoken within a specific region, province, or geographic locality.

Dimensyong Heyograpiko

The geographical dimension in linguistics that produces dialectal variations across separate locations.

Pakiurong nga po ang plato (Bulacan vs. Maynila)

A geographic dialectal difference where the phrase means 'please wash the plate' in Bulacan, but 'please move/slide the plate' in Manila.

Sosyolek

A language variety shaped by the social dimension, based on the speaker's social standing, class, or peer group.

Dimensyong Sosyal

The sociological factor in linguistics that drives linguistic variation among distinct subcultures, classes, and social groups.

Wiz ko feel ang hombre ditech, day!

An illustrative example of the sociolect (Sosyolek) variety, specifically gay language (swardspeak).

Wow pare, ang tindi ng tama ko! Heaven!

An illustrative example of a sociolect (Sosyolek) variety reflecting youth peer-group or party slang.

Kosa, pupuga na tayo mamaya.

An illustrative example of a sociolect (Sosyolek) variety reflecting prison or underworld subculture jargon.

Girl, bukas nalang tauo mag-lib, mag-malling muna tayo.

An illustrative example of a sociolect (Sosyolek) variety reflecting student, conyo, or collegiate youth speech.

Jargon

The specialized, technical terminology exclusively used by members of a specific profession, discipline, or field of work.

Jargon ng Disiplinang Accountancy

Specialized accounting vocabulary including: account, debit at credit, revenue, balance, and net income.

Jargon ng Disiplinang Medisina at Nursing

Specialized medical and healthcare vocabulary including: diagnosis, check up, therapy, symptom, and ward.

Idyolek

An individual's unique, distinct personal style and habitual manner of using language.

Noli De Castro, Mike Enriquez, Kris Aquino, Ruffa Mae Quinto, Gus Abelgas

Prominent media figures cited as quintessential examples of distinct idiolects (Idyolek) due to their unique, highly recognizable speaking styles.

Saligang Batas ng Biak na Bato (1896/1897)

The revolutionary charter stating that Tagalog shall be the official language of the revolutionary government.

Wikang Tagalog (1896/1897)

The indigenous language declared by the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato as the official language of the Philippine revolutionary government.

Artikulo 14 Seksiyon 3 ng Saligang Batas ng 1935

The constitutional provision mandating that Congress take steps toward developing and adopting a common national language based on one of the existing native languages.

Kautusang Tagapagganap Blg. 134 (1937)

The executive order issued in 1937 declaring Tagalog as the foundation for developing the Philippine National Language.

Kautusang Blg. 7 (1959)

The department order declaring that 'Pilipino' shall be the official name used to refer to the Philippine national language.

Jose Romero

The Secretary of Education who promulgated Department Order No. 7 in 1959 designating 'Pilipino' as the official name of the national language.

Pilipino (1959)

The official designation assigned to the national language in 1959 to distinguish it from regional ethnic Tagalog.

Proklamasyon Blg. 19 (1986)

The presidential proclamation recognizing the pivotal role played by the national language in giving birth to the new government.

Pres. Corazon Aquino (1986)

The Philippine president who issued Proclamation No. 19 in 1986 recognizing the historic importance of the national language.

Artikulo 14 Seksiyon 6 ng Saligang Batas ng 1987

The constitutional provision establishing that the national language of the Philippines is Filipino, to be continually enriched and developed.

Filipino (1987)

The designated national language of the Philippines under the 1987 Constitution, nurtured and enriched through Philippine native languages and other tongues.

Batas Komonwelt blg. 184

The Commonwealth legislation enacted in 1936 establishing the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa.

Surian ng Wikang Pambansa (1936)

The government institute created under Commonwealth Act No. 184 tasked with studying Philippine dialects to select a basis for the national language.

Kautusang Tagapagpaganap Blg. 117 (1987)

The executive order that reconstituted the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa into the Linangan ng mga Wika sa Pilipinas in 1987.

Linangan ng mga Wika sa Pilipinas (1987)

The agency that replaced the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa in 1987 pursuant to Executive Order No. 117.

Batas Republika 7104

The Republic Act that created the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (Commission on the Filipino Language).

Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF)

The official language regulatory commission created under Republic Act 7104 to promote and develop the Filipino language.

Proklama Blg. 12 (1954)

The proclamation issued by President Ramon Magsaysay establishing National Language Week from March 29 to April 4.

Francisco Balagtas (Pagdiriwang 1954)

The celebrated poet whose birth anniversary prompted the scheduling of Linggo ng Wikang Pambansa from March 29 to April 4 under Proclamation No. 12.

Proklama Blg. 186 (1955)

The proclamation issued by President Ramon Magsaysay moving Linggo ng Wikang Pambansa to August 13-19 annually.

Manuel L. Quezon (Pagdiriwang 1955)

The Philippine president whose birth anniversary on August 19 served as the basis for shifting National Language Week to August 13-19.

Linggo ng Wikang Pambansa (Agosto 13-19)

The annual week-long celebration of the national language instituted by Proclamation No. 186 in honor of Manuel L. Quezon.

Proklama Blg. 1041 (1997)

The proclamation issued by President Fidel V. Ramos expanding the national language celebration into a month-long observance every August 1-31.

Pang. Fidel V. Ramos

The Philippine president who proclaimed August 1-31 as National Language Month (Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa) via Proclamation No. 1041.

Buwan ng Wikang Pambansa

The month-long annual observance of the national language held throughout August 1-31 pursuant to Proclamation No. 1041.

Ebolusyon ng Alpabetong Pilipino

The historical developmental sequence of Filipino orthography: Baybayin -> Abecedario -> Abakada -> Makabagong Alpabetong Filipino.

Baybayin

The pre-colonial indigenous Philippine syllabic script utilized by early ancestors.

Abecedario

The Romanized, Spanish-based alphabet introduced during the Spanish colonial period.