Hypertension and its systemic effects

What is primary hypertension?

Hypertension with no identifiable cause. Accounts for 95% of all cases

What is secondary hypertension?

Hypertension due to identifiable underlying conditions (e.g. renal disease, endocrine disorders). Accounts for 5% of cases

What renal causes should raise concern for secondary hypertension?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), renal artery stenosis (renovascular hypertension causing uninhibited renin release).

What endocrine causes should raise concern for secondary hypertension?

Primary aldosteronism (excess sodium retention), Cushing's syndrome (excess cortisol), pheochromocytoma (catecholamine-secreting tumor).

What medication-related causes should cause concern for secondary hypertension?

Oral contraceptives, NSAIDs, decongestants, systemic corticosteroids, cocaine

Which type of hypertension requires long term management?

Primary

Which hypertension can be sometimes cured if the root cause is treated?

Secondary