real science waves

What is a wave?

Transfers energy without moving matter.

What is a medium?

Material a wave travels through.

Two main wave types?

Transverse and longitudinal.

Transverse particles move?

Perpendicular to energy transfer.

Longitudinal particles move?

Parallel to energy transfer.

Example of transverse wave?

Light wave.

Example of longitudinal wave?

Sound wave.

What is a crest?

Highest point of wave.

What is a trough?

Lowest point of wave.

What is amplitude?

Maximum displacement from rest.

What is wavelength?

Distance between matching points.

What is frequency?

Waves passing each second.

What is period?

Time for one wave.

What is equilibrium?

Wave's resting position.

What is compression?

Particles close together.

What is rarefaction?

Particles spread apart.

Sound waves are?

Longitudinal.

Sound needs what to travel?

A medium.

Can sound travel in vacuum?

No.

Sound travels fastest in?

Solids.

Why fastest in solids?

Particles are closer together.

Higher temperature effect?

Sound travels faster.

What is pitch?

How high or low.

High frequency means?

High pitch.

Low frequency means?

Low pitch.

Pitch depends on?

Frequency.

What is loudness?

How loud sound is.

High amplitude means?

Louder sound.

Low amplitude means?

Quieter sound.

Loudness depends on?

Amplitude.

Wave speed formula?

v = f × λ

Symbol for speed?

v

Symbol for frequency?

f

Symbol for wavelength?

λ

What is reflection?

Wave bounces off surface.

What is refraction?

Wave bends entering medium.

Law of reflection?

Incidence angle equals reflection angle.

What is the normal?

90° line to surface.

Incident ray?

Incoming light ray.

Reflected ray?

Bounced light ray.

Refracted ray?

Bent light ray.

Regular reflection?

Clear reflection from smooth surface.

Diffuse reflection?

Scattered reflection from rough surface.

Angle measured from?

The normal.

30° incidence, reflection?

30°.

50° incidence, reflection?

50°.

85° incidence, reflection?

85°.

Why does refraction happen?

Light changes speed.

Air to glass bends?

Towards normal.

Glass to air bends?

Away from normal.

Higher refractive index?

Bends towards normal.

Lower refractive index?

Bends away from normal.

What is light?

Electromagnetic radiation.

Electromagnetic waves are?

Transverse.

Need a medium?

No.

Speed of light?

300,000,000 m/s.

Mechanical waves require?

A medium.

Three EM properties?

Transverse, energy-carrying, same vacuum speed.

Longest wavelength EM wave?

Radio waves.

Shortest wavelength EM wave?

Gamma rays.

Highest frequency EM wave?

Gamma rays.

Lowest frequency EM wave?

Radio waves.

Highest energy EM wave?

Gamma rays.

Lowest energy EM wave?

Radio waves.

Rainbow shortest wavelength first?

Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red.

Rainbow longest wavelength first?

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet.

Highest frequency colour?

Violet.

Lowest frequency colour?

Red.

Highest energy colour?

Violet.

Lowest energy colour?

Red.

Frequency and wavelength?

Inverse relationship.

Frequency and energy?

Direct relationship.

Wavelength and energy?

Inverse relationship.

Radio waves used for?

Communication.

Microwaves used for?

Cooking and communication.

Infrared is associated with?

Heat.

Ultraviolet can cause?

Sunburn.

Ultraviolet helps produce?

Vitamin D.

X-rays used for?

Medical imaging.

Gamma rays used for?

Killing cancer cells.

What is an echo?

Reflected sound wave.

Sonar uses?

Reflected sound waves.

Ultrasound uses?

Reflected sound waves.

107.7 FM means?

Radio wave frequency.

Microwave or infrared longer wavelength?

Microwaves.

X-ray or gamma lower frequency?

X-rays.

Visible or UV higher frequency?

Ultraviolet.

Radio or infrared more energy?

Infrared.

Red or green more energy?

Green.

Orange or blue higher frequency?

Blue.

UV or X-ray shorter wavelength?

X-rays.