Chapter 9- Joints (part 2)

Anatomy Lecture 1

flexion

movement that decreases joint angle

flexion

this movement is common in hinge joints

extension

movement that straightens a joint and returns a body part to zero position

hyperextension

further extension of a joint beyond zero position

abduction

movement of a body part in frontal plane away from midline of body

hyperabduction

raise arm over back or front of head

adduction

movement in frontal plane back towards midline

hyperadduction

corssing fingers, crossing ankles

elevation

movement that raises a body part vetically in frontal plane

depression

movement that lowers a body part in frontal plane

protraction

the anterior movement of a body part in transverse (horizontal) plane

retraction

posterior movement of a body in transerve (horizontal) plane

circumduction

one end of an appendage remains stationary while the other end makes a circular motion

rotation

movement in which a bone spins on its longitudinal axis

rotation

a trunk, thigh, head, or arm can have this

medial rotation

turns bone inward

lateral rotation

turns bone outward

supination

turns palm to face anteriorly or upward

pronation

turns palm to face either posteriorly or downward

flexion

forward-bending movements at waist

extension

straightens truck or neck

hyperextension

bending over backward

lateral flexion

tilting head or trunk to right or left at midline

lateral excursion

right or left movement from zero position

medial excursion

movement back to median zero position

ulnar flexion

tilts hand toward little finger

radial flexion

tilts hand toward thumb

flexion

curling fingers

extension

straightening fingers

abduction

spreading fingers apart

adduction

bringing fingers together again

palmar abduction

moving thumb away from hand and pointing it anteriorly

radial abduction

moving thumb away from index finger (90 degrees)

flexion of thumb

tip of thumb directed toward palm

extension of thumb

straightening the thumb

opposition

moving thumb to touch tip of a finger

reposition

returning thumb to the zero position

dorsiflexion

elevation of toes as you do while swinging foot forward to take a step (heel strike)

plantar flexion

extension of foot so that toes point downward as in standing on tiptoe (toe-off)

inversion

movement in which soles are turned medially

eversion

movement in which soles are turned laterally

temporomandibular joint

articulation of mandibular condyle with mandibular fossa of temporal bone

glenohumeral joint

head of humerus articulates with glenoid caity of scapula

glenoid labrum

fibrocartilage ring that deepens glenoid cavity

3 glenohumeral ligaments, coracohumeral ligament, and transverse humeral ligament

the 5 principal ligaments that support shoulder

4

how many bursa at shoulder

biceps brachii tendon and rotator cuff tendons

what is the shoulder supported by

shoulder dislocation

downward displacement of humerus

humeroulnar joint

trochlea of humerus joins trochlear notch of ulna

humeroradial joint

capitulum of humerus meets head of radius

hinge joint

what type of joint is the humeroulnar joint

pivot joint

the radioulnar joint is what type of joint

radioulnar joint

head of radius fits into radial notch of ulna

olecranon bursa

eases movement of tendons over joint

olecranon bursa

this is on the posterior side of the elbow

coxal joint

head of femur inserts into acetabulum of hip bone

coxal joint

bears much more weight, have deeper sockets, more stable than shoulder

acetabular labrum

horseshoe-shaped ring of fibrocartilage that deepens socket

iliofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments

ligaments supporting the hip joint anteriorly

ischiofemoral ligament

ligament supporting hip joint posteriorly

transverse acetabular ligament

ligament supporting hip joint that bridges gap on inferior margin of acetabular labrum