2 - Types of Poisons

C. Aflatoxin

1. which of the following is a fungal toxin?

   a. Cantharidin

   b. Tetrodotoxin

   C. Aflatoxin

   D. Botulinum toxin

3. d. Curcin

2. Which of the following is not a neurotoxin

   a. Tetanospasmin

   b. Faciculin

   c. Saxitoxin

   d. Curcin

c. abrin

3. which of the following poisons is present in rosary peas

   a. curcin

   b. ricin

   c. abrin

   d. mannihotoxin

c. formic acid

4. which of the following zootoxins is present in ants

   a. nitric acid

   b. sulfuric acid

   c. formic acid

   d. acetic acid

b. black widow spiders

5. Latorotoxin is present in

   a. snake

   b. black widow spiders

   c. scorpions

   d. shellfishes

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

Poison can be toxins (natural sources), or toxicants (man-made)

• Irritants

• Neurotics

• Carcinogenics

• Asphyxiants

• Lacrimators

• Sternutators

• Asthenics

• Narcotics

Types of poison based on effects

Irritants

Types of poison that can cause necrosis

Neurotics

Types of poison that affects CNS

Carcinogenics

Types of poison that promotes cancer cells

Asphyxiants

Types of poison that capable of dyspnea

Lacrimators

Types of poison that promotes flow of tears

Sternutators

Types of poison that can cause excessive sneezing

Asthenics

Types of poison that can cause muscle weakness

Narcotics

Types of poison that can cause sleepness

Acids & Bases

Examples of Irritant poison

Hallucinogen (LSD)

Examples of Neurotics poison

Industrial Poison

Examples of Carcinogenic poison

CO, CN, CO2

Examples of Asphyxiants poison

Organophosphates

Examples of Lacrimators poison

Veratrine

Examples of Sternutators poison

NMBs

Examples of Asthenics poison

Morphine

Examples of Narcotics poison

Neurotoxicants 

type of poison that targets CNS & Spinal Cord

Hepatotoxicants

type of poison that targets Liver

Nephrotoxicants

type of poison that targets Kidney

Pulmonotoxicants

type of poison that destroys RBC

Dermatoxicants

type of poison that damages skin

Botulinum toxis, Saxitoxins, Pb toxicity

Examples of Neurotoxicants Poison

Paracetamol, Alcohol

Examples of Hepatotoxicants Poison

CCl4, Aminoglycosides, Cisplastin

Examples of Nephrotoxicants Poison

Saponin, Glycosides, Snakes

Examples of Pulmonotoxicants Poison

Acids & Bases

Examples of Dermatoxicants Poison

Reproductive Toxicants

Types of poison that impairs the reproductive capabilities (M/F)

Developmental Toxicants

Types of poison that interfere proper growth and development (Child)

anti-cancer, ethanol*

Examples of Reproductive Toxicants Poison

Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin)

Examples of Developmental Toxicants Poison

↑ potency

↓ dose = _ potency

• Black Widow Spiders

• Scorpion

• Snakes

• Ants

• Pufferfish

• Spanish Fly

ZOOTOXINS

Alpha-latrotoxin

Black Widow Spiders type of poison:

• PACOP: 5-hydroxytryptamine

• alpha & beta toxin

Scorpion type of poison:

• Cytotoxins

• Neurotoxin

• Hemotoxins

Snake type of poison:

Cytotoxins

a snake poison that can cause necrosis

Neurotoxin (cobrotoxins & fasciculin)

a snake poison that can cause paralysis

Hemotoxins

a snake poison that induces RBC lysis

Hyalurinidase Enzyme

venom spreading factor

formic acid

Ants type of poison:

Tetrodotoxin

Pufferfish type of poison:

Cantharidin

Spanish Fly type of poison:

• Russian Fly,

• Blister Fly       

Spanish Fly other names:

Latrodectism

Black Widow Spiders toxicity:

chlorotoxin

Deathstalker Scorpion secretes:

• Scombroid Toxin

• Ciguatoxin

• Saxitoxin

• Venerupin

• Clupeotoxin

MARINE POISONS

Scombroid Toxin

a marine poison that can cause Histamine Fish Poisoning

Saurine

a marine poison present in tuna

Gemblid

a marine poison present in mackerel

Antihistamine

treatment for Scombroid Toxin

Ciguatoxin

• Most common poison from ingested fish

• Causes: Ciguatera Fish Poisoning

Saxitoxin

• Heat-stable neurotoxic

• Causes: PSP (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (Red Tide Poisoning)

Venerupin

a marine poison present in sardines

Clupeotoxin

a marine poison present in oyster & clams (Sardines)

• Castor Oil Plant

• Rosary Pea

• Cassava

• Deadly Nightshade

• Talampunay

• Dumbcane

• Yew

• Tubang Bakod

• Fishberry

PHYTOTOXINS

Ricin

castor oil plant toxin:

Abrin

Rosary Pea toxin:

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

Abrin is more toxic than Ricin

Jequirity Bean

Rosary Pea is also known as:

Mannitoxin, Linamarin

Cassava toxin:

Hyoscyamine, Atropine

Deadly Nightshade’s toxin:

Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine

Talampunay’s toxin:

Trompeta

Angel’s Trumpet

Calcium Oxalate

Dumbcane’s toxin

Paclitaxel

Yew’s toxin:

Curcin

Tubang Bakod’s toxin:

Picrotoxin

Fishberry’s toxin:

• Exotoxins

• Endotoxins

BACTERIAL TOXINS

Exotoxins

a bacterial toxin that secretes both gram (+) & (-)

Superantigen

an exotoxin that can cause toxic shock syndrome

Enterotoxin

an exotoxin that causes Food poisoning

Tetanospamin

an exotoxin that causes spastic paralysis

Botulinum Toxin

an exotoxin that causes flaccid paralysis

Endotoxins

a bacterial toxin that secretes gram (-)

Syphilis

an endotoxin that causes Jarisch Herxheimer Reaction

Pen G

DOC for syphilis toxin

• Aflatoxin

• Ergot Fungus

• Mushroom

MYCOTOXINS

Ergotamine

Ergot Fungus Poison:

Ergotism/St. Anthony’s Fire

Ergotamine can cause:

Alpha-amanitin

a type of mushroom poison that can cause hepatotoxic

Phallotoxin

a type of mushroom poison that causes extreme GI upset

Muscarine

a type of mushroom poison that causes cholinergic crisis

• Asbestos

• Cinnabar

• Stibnite

• Arsenopyrite

• Galena

MINERAL SOURCES

Carcinogenic (lungs)

Asbestos toxicity:

Acrodymia, Minamata disease

Cinnabar toxicity:

Heavy metals toxicity

Stibnite toxicity

Mee’s Line

Arsenopyrite toxicity

Plumbism

Galena’s toxicity

• Nitrobenzene & Aniline

• Hydrogen Sulfide

• Chloramine T

• Picric Acid

SYNTHETIC POISONS

Nitrobenzene & Aniline

a poison that can cause Methemoglobinemia

Methylene Blue

Antidote for Nitrobenzene & Aniline toxicity

Hydrogen Sulfide

• Sewer gas, stink damp

• Cause: Respiratory Irritation