Chapter 13 - Anatomy of Nervous System

Gray Matter in Cerebrum

Cerebral cortex

Folds of the cerebrum

gyri

grooves of cerebrum

sulci

Longitudinal Fissure

Divides the cerebrum into right & left hemispheres

corpus callosum

white matter that allows hemispheres to be connected

frontal lobe

planning, decision making, movement commands

parietal lobe

sensation and perception of sensation

central sulcus

seprates frontal and parietal lobes

occipital lobe

vision and visual processing

temporal lobe

auditory processing and is in direct connection with the occipital lobe

lateral sulcus

seperates temporal lobe from frontal & parietal lobes

Primary Motor Cortex / Area 4

Precentral Gyrus in the frontal lobe, for commands

Somatosensory Cortex (Areas 1,2, and 3)

Postcentral Gyrus in the Parietal lobe, for perceiving sensations

Brocas Area

Generates langauge

Wernickes Area

Processing sensible langauge

Thalamus

All sensory and motor commands must pass through here

Hypothalamus

A major regulator of the Autonomic nervous system through neuroendocrine axis

Superior Colliculus of Tectum

perception of space (turn and go what was that after hearing a sound)

Inferior Colliculus of Tectum

perception of sound (hear a sound)

Tegmentum of Midbrain

continuous with gray matter of the brain stem & receives and sends info. through cranial nerves

Pons

Connection between cerebellum and brain stem

Medulla

White matter continuous w/ spinal cord, gray matter continuous w tegmentum and pons, reticular formation (sleep, wakefulness and attention)

Cerebellum (“little brain”)

In connection with the pons for spatial information & ESSENTIAL TO MOVEMENT

Gray Matter of spinal cord

2 sensory DORSAL horns, 2 motor VENTRAL horns

White matter of spinal cord

columns

Circle of Willis

how the brain gets its blood supply; ring shaped network of arteries that is safe if one artery becomes blocked or backed up

Orthostatic reflex

maintaining blood pressure while standing up

Dura Mater

tough, fibrous layer directly under skull (outermost)

Arachnoid Mater

webby, creates Arachnoid space which contains trabeulae and circulates CSF

Pia Mater

closest to brain, means “tender” and provides a loose connective tissue cushion for brain

Endoneurium

Axon covered in loose, fibrious, reticular connective tissue

Perineurium

dense irregular tissue that encases fascicles where axons are arranged

Epineurium

Entire nerve is covered in this dense irregular tissue

cervical plexus

a network of nerve fibers formed by the anterior (ventral) rami of the upper cervical spinal nerves C1 through C4

brachial plexus

a network of nerves originating from the spinal cord in the neck (spinal levels C5 through T1) that transmits motor and sensory signals to the shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand

lumbar plexus

a web of intersecting nerves located in the lower back that provides motor and sensory signals to the lower abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs

sacral plexus

a network of intersecting nerves that provides motor and sensory innervation to the pelvis, buttocks, posterior thigh, lower leg, and entire foot